Bio 151 Exam 3 UW Madison Questions and Answers |Fall
2025/2026 Update
Question 1
Depolarization is caused by what
Correct Answer
Voltage gated ion channels opening and allowing positive ions to enter, increasing the charge within the cell
Question 2
What is the pattern of osmotic pressure in the loop of henle?
Correct Answer
Increases as you go down, decreases as yhoou go up because of increasing concentration of urea and salt in the ecf
Question 3
Which molecules use and Na+ co-transport system, and what are their exit transporters?
Correct Answer
Glucose (Glut 2) from sucrose going through a disacharide enzyme, AA from dipeptidase
Page 1 of 24
,Question 4
What does the ALOH reabsorb?
Correct Answer
Only salt, so lots of na/cl transporters and the salt concentration inside the epithelial cell is higher than in the filtrate
Question 5
What happens after HTC releases an activated B cell, and it becomes an Effector B cell?
Correct Answer
IgG is released into the lymphatic system and clonal expansion occurs
Question 6
After gastrin is released into the blood, where does it bind?
Correct Answer
3 types of gastric pit cell types:
2. Parietal cells= H+ and Cl- ions into gastric pit lumen= proteins and pepsinogen denatured
3. Chief cells= release of pepsinogen into gastric pit lumen= unravelled pepsinogen cleaves into active pepsin to cleave
proteins
Page 2 of 24
, Question 7
What does the small intestine mainly do?
Correct Answer
Neutralizes stomach acid and cleaves carbs, fats, proteins through enzyme hydrolysis, absorbs carbs and aa
Question 8
How does an inflammatory response work on a localized bacterial infection?
Correct Answer
Mast cells bind to the pathogen molecules and release histamine, which dilates capillaries and floods the area with fluid,
which is what makes it inflamed
Then, histamine attracts the nuetrophils from the blood and macrophages/dendritic cells from the tissues, and
phagocytosis occurs
The phagocytosing cells produce cytokine to attract more phagocytes and lymphocytes to produce cytokines that will
induce a fever
Then, the dendritic cells, macrophages, and bacteria are taken up by lymph vessels
Question 9
Digestion happens where and does what
Correct Answer
Breaks down food for the body to absorb
1. Mechanical digestion (mouth chewing and amylase and stomach peristalsis)
2. Chemical digestion: processes food and uses acid hydrolysis to break food down, mainly proteins (stomach using
chyme)
Majority of digestion happens in small intestine
Page 3 of 24
2025/2026 Update
Question 1
Depolarization is caused by what
Correct Answer
Voltage gated ion channels opening and allowing positive ions to enter, increasing the charge within the cell
Question 2
What is the pattern of osmotic pressure in the loop of henle?
Correct Answer
Increases as you go down, decreases as yhoou go up because of increasing concentration of urea and salt in the ecf
Question 3
Which molecules use and Na+ co-transport system, and what are their exit transporters?
Correct Answer
Glucose (Glut 2) from sucrose going through a disacharide enzyme, AA from dipeptidase
Page 1 of 24
,Question 4
What does the ALOH reabsorb?
Correct Answer
Only salt, so lots of na/cl transporters and the salt concentration inside the epithelial cell is higher than in the filtrate
Question 5
What happens after HTC releases an activated B cell, and it becomes an Effector B cell?
Correct Answer
IgG is released into the lymphatic system and clonal expansion occurs
Question 6
After gastrin is released into the blood, where does it bind?
Correct Answer
3 types of gastric pit cell types:
2. Parietal cells= H+ and Cl- ions into gastric pit lumen= proteins and pepsinogen denatured
3. Chief cells= release of pepsinogen into gastric pit lumen= unravelled pepsinogen cleaves into active pepsin to cleave
proteins
Page 2 of 24
, Question 7
What does the small intestine mainly do?
Correct Answer
Neutralizes stomach acid and cleaves carbs, fats, proteins through enzyme hydrolysis, absorbs carbs and aa
Question 8
How does an inflammatory response work on a localized bacterial infection?
Correct Answer
Mast cells bind to the pathogen molecules and release histamine, which dilates capillaries and floods the area with fluid,
which is what makes it inflamed
Then, histamine attracts the nuetrophils from the blood and macrophages/dendritic cells from the tissues, and
phagocytosis occurs
The phagocytosing cells produce cytokine to attract more phagocytes and lymphocytes to produce cytokines that will
induce a fever
Then, the dendritic cells, macrophages, and bacteria are taken up by lymph vessels
Question 9
Digestion happens where and does what
Correct Answer
Breaks down food for the body to absorb
1. Mechanical digestion (mouth chewing and amylase and stomach peristalsis)
2. Chemical digestion: processes food and uses acid hydrolysis to break food down, mainly proteins (stomach using
chyme)
Majority of digestion happens in small intestine
Page 3 of 24
