LD 15 LAWS OF ARREST EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS. VERIFIED
2025/2026.
4th Amendment - ANS -Provides that people, houses, and effects (belongings) shall be secure
from unreasonable searches and seizures
-Requires probable cause for the issuance of warrants
Reasonable suspicion - ANS -The standard used to justify a detention
- Exists when an officer has sufficient facts and information to make it reasonable to suspect
that criminal activity may be occurring, and the person to be detained is connected to that
activity
Probable cause - ANS Exists when the totality of the circumstances or "total atmosphere" of
the case would cause a person of ordinary care and prudence to entertain an honest and strong
suspicion that the person to be arrested is guilty of a crime
Search - ANS Occurs when an expectation of privacy that society is prepared to consider
reasonable is infringed upon by the government
1 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
,Seizure of a person - ANS Occurs when a peace officer physically applies force to a person or
when a person voluntarily submits to the officer's authority.
Seizure of property - ANS Occurs when there is some meaningful interference with an
individual's possessory interest in that property by the government.
5th Amendment - ANS -Individuals cannot be compelled to be a witness against themselves
in a criminal case
-May not be tried for the same offense twice
-Or be deprived of life, liberty, or property without due process of law
-Officers must provide Maranda Rights
6th Amendment - ANS -Right to a speedy trial
-Right to confront witnesses against them and obtain witnesses in their favor
-Right to the assistance of counsel, during court proceedings
14th Amendment - ANS Through its "due process and equal protection" clauses, the
Fourteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution applies portions of the Bill of Rights to all states
Requires application of the law equally to all people regardless of race, creed, nationality,
religious preference, or national origin
2 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
, US Code, Title 42, Section 1983 - ANS Permits a civil rights suit seeking monetary damages to
be awarded to anyone who proves, in a court of law, that they were deprived of some legal right
through governmental action, that is, by a person acting under color of law
Color of Law - ANS An action carried out as if under the authority of law, but is actually done
in violation of the law (e.g., peace officers or magistrates using their positions to act in an
unlawful manner)
US Code, Title 18, Section 241 - ANS Makes it a federal crime, punishable by a fine or
imprisonment up to 10 years, or both:
-if two or more persons
-conspire to injure, oppress, threaten, or intimidate any person
-for doing anything that the person had a legal right to be doing
-or because the person previously exercised any such legal right
US Code, Title 18, Section 242 - ANS Makes it a federal crime, punishable by a fine or
imprisonment up to one year, or both:
-for any person, acting under color of any law
-to willfully deprive any person of any legal right
-or to subject any person to a different punishment or penalty
-based on that person's color, race, or citizenship status
Penal Code Section 422.6(a) - ANS Broader than U.S. Code, Title 18, Section 242:
-Does not limit the governmental agent to acting only under "color of law"
-Includes additional categories of religion, ancestry, national origin, disability, gender, and sexual
orientation that are protected from discrimination
3 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS. VERIFIED
2025/2026.
4th Amendment - ANS -Provides that people, houses, and effects (belongings) shall be secure
from unreasonable searches and seizures
-Requires probable cause for the issuance of warrants
Reasonable suspicion - ANS -The standard used to justify a detention
- Exists when an officer has sufficient facts and information to make it reasonable to suspect
that criminal activity may be occurring, and the person to be detained is connected to that
activity
Probable cause - ANS Exists when the totality of the circumstances or "total atmosphere" of
the case would cause a person of ordinary care and prudence to entertain an honest and strong
suspicion that the person to be arrested is guilty of a crime
Search - ANS Occurs when an expectation of privacy that society is prepared to consider
reasonable is infringed upon by the government
1 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
,Seizure of a person - ANS Occurs when a peace officer physically applies force to a person or
when a person voluntarily submits to the officer's authority.
Seizure of property - ANS Occurs when there is some meaningful interference with an
individual's possessory interest in that property by the government.
5th Amendment - ANS -Individuals cannot be compelled to be a witness against themselves
in a criminal case
-May not be tried for the same offense twice
-Or be deprived of life, liberty, or property without due process of law
-Officers must provide Maranda Rights
6th Amendment - ANS -Right to a speedy trial
-Right to confront witnesses against them and obtain witnesses in their favor
-Right to the assistance of counsel, during court proceedings
14th Amendment - ANS Through its "due process and equal protection" clauses, the
Fourteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution applies portions of the Bill of Rights to all states
Requires application of the law equally to all people regardless of race, creed, nationality,
religious preference, or national origin
2 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
, US Code, Title 42, Section 1983 - ANS Permits a civil rights suit seeking monetary damages to
be awarded to anyone who proves, in a court of law, that they were deprived of some legal right
through governmental action, that is, by a person acting under color of law
Color of Law - ANS An action carried out as if under the authority of law, but is actually done
in violation of the law (e.g., peace officers or magistrates using their positions to act in an
unlawful manner)
US Code, Title 18, Section 241 - ANS Makes it a federal crime, punishable by a fine or
imprisonment up to 10 years, or both:
-if two or more persons
-conspire to injure, oppress, threaten, or intimidate any person
-for doing anything that the person had a legal right to be doing
-or because the person previously exercised any such legal right
US Code, Title 18, Section 242 - ANS Makes it a federal crime, punishable by a fine or
imprisonment up to one year, or both:
-for any person, acting under color of any law
-to willfully deprive any person of any legal right
-or to subject any person to a different punishment or penalty
-based on that person's color, race, or citizenship status
Penal Code Section 422.6(a) - ANS Broader than U.S. Code, Title 18, Section 242:
-Does not limit the governmental agent to acting only under "color of law"
-Includes additional categories of religion, ancestry, national origin, disability, gender, and sexual
orientation that are protected from discrimination
3 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
