NREMT FINAL EXAM TEST BANK MULTIPLE CHOICE COMPLETE 450 EXAM QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT ANSWERS WITH DETAILED RATIONALES
Hypoglycemia and acute ischemic stroke can present similarly because:
• A: both oxygen and glucose are needed for brain function.
• B: the majority of stroke patients have a history of diabetes.
• C: the most common cause of a stroke is hypoglycemia.
• D: they are both caused by low levels of glucose in the blood.
• A: both oxygen and glucose are needed for brain function.
Reason: Although stroke and hypoglycemia are two distinctly different conditions,
their signs and symptoms are often similar. This is because the brain requires both
oxygen and glucose to function normally. An acute ischemic stroke is caused by a
lack of oxygen to a part of the brain due to a blocked cerebral artery, whereas
hypoglycemia (low blood glucose level) deprives the entire brain of glucose. In
either case, the patient presents with signs of impaired brain function (i.e., slurred
speech, weakness, altered mental status). Both conditions may lead to permanent
brain damage or death if not treated promptly.
When dealing with an emotionally disturbed patient, you should be MOST
concerned with:
• A: gathering all of the patient's medications.
• B: safely transporting to the hospital.
• C: whether the patient could harm you.
• D: obtaining a complete medical history.
You selected C; This is correct!
Reason: When managing any patient with an emotional or psychiatric crisis, your
primary concern is your own safety. Safely transporting the patient to the hospital
is your ultimate goal. If possible, you should attempt to obtain a medical history
and should take any of the patient's prescribed medications to the hospital.
However, this should not supercede your own safety or interfere with safely
transporting the patient.
,You are at the scene where a man panicked while swimming in a small lake.
Your initial attempt to rescue him should include:
• A: rowing a small raft to the victim.
• B: reaching for the victim with a long stick.
• C: throwing a rope to the victim.
• D: swimming to the victim to rescue him.
You selected B; This is correct!
Reason: General rules to follow when attempting to rescue a patient from the water
include "reach, throw, row, and then go." In this case, you should attempt to reach
the victim by having him grab hold of a large stick or similar object. If this is
unsuccessful, throw the victim a rope or flotation device (if available). If these are
not available, row to the patient in a small raft (if available). Going into the water
to retrieve the victim is a last resort. The rescuer must be a strong swimmer
because patients who are in danger of drowning are in a state of blind panic and
will make every attempt to keep themselves afloat, even if it means forcing the
rescuer underwater.
During the triage process, which of the following injuries or conditions would
classify a patient as a high priority?
• A: Partial-thickness burns with no respiratory difficulty
• B: A large avulsion to the arm and an altered mental status
• C: Pulselessness and apnea
• D: Unilateral femur fracture and tachycardia
The correct answer is B;
Reason: During triage, patients with an altered mental status, who are in shock, or
who have problems with airway, breathing, or circulation, are potentially
salvageable and are given immediate priority. Patients who are pulseless and
apneic have low priority in a mass-casualty situation. If you focus your efforts on
cardiac arrest patients, who will most likely not survive anyway, patients who
could have potentially been saved will die as well. Remember, the goal of triage is
to provide the greatest good for the greatest number of patients.
,The primary clinical feature associated with exposure to a vesicant agent is:
• A: vomiting blood.
• B: muscle twitching.
• C: tachycardia.
• D:skin blistering.
You selected D; This is correct!
Reason: The primary route of exposure of blister agents, or vesicants, is the skin. If
vesicants are left on the skin or clothing long enough, they produce vapors that can
enter the respiratory tract. Vesicants cause burn-like blisters to form on the victim's
skin as well as in the respiratory tract (if inhaled). Vesicant agents include sulfur
mustard (H), Lewisite (L), and phosgene oxime (CX). The symbols H, L, and CX
are military designations. Vesicants usually cause the most damage to damp or
moist areas of the body, such as the armpits, groin, and respiratory tract.
You arrive at the scene of a traffic accident in which multiple vehicles are
involved. You see at least two patients who are lying on the road and are not
moving. You should:
• A: begin triaging the patients.
• B: request additional ambulances.
• C: begin immediate patient care.
• D: notify medical control for advice.
You selected B; This is correct!
Reason: As soon as you determine that there are more patients than you and your
partner can effectively manage, you should immediately request additional help.
Waiting until you are overwhelmed with critically injured patients is not the time to
call for help. When in doubt, it is best to call for help. You can always cancel any
incoming ambulances if you later determine that they are not needed. After you
have called for assistance, you should begin triaging and caring for the patients to
the best of your ability.
Proper guidelines for safe reaching include all of the following, EXCEPT:
• A: keeping your back in a locked-in position.
• B: avoiding twisting of your back.
, • C: reaching no more than 30" in front of your body.
• D: avoiding hyperextension of your back.
You selected C; This is correct!
Reason: Safe reaching practices are critical to the prevention of a back injury.
When reaching, you should keep your back in a locked-in position. You should
avoid twisting or hyperextending your back, and should reach no more than 15 to
20 inches in front of your body.
Which position is MOST appropriate for a mother in labor with a prolapsed
umbilical cord?
• A: Supine with legs elevated
• B: Left lateral recumbent
• C: Supine with hips elevated
• D: Left side with legs elevated
You selected C; This is correct!
reason: When the umbilical cord is prolapsed, the infant typically slides down the
birth canal and rests on top of the cord, shutting off its own oxygen supply. Placing
the mother supine with her hips elevated will cause the baby to slide back into the
birth canal slightly, thereby relieving pressure off of the cord. It may be necessary
to insert your gloved fingers into the mother's vagina and lift the baby's head off of
the cord. Give the mother high-flow oxygen and transport without delay. A lateral
recumbent (on the side) position is appropriate for pregnant women without a
prolapsed cord and will help prevent the occurrence of supine hypotensive
syndrome, a condition in which the pregnant uterus compresses the inferior vena
cava and compromises cardiac output.
Which of the following statements regarding two-rescuer child CPR is
correct?
• A:A compression to ventilation ratio of 15:2 should be delivered without
pauses in compressions to deliver ventilations
• B:The chest should be compressed with one hand and a compression to
ventilation ratio of 30:2 should be delivered
• C:Compress the chest with one or two hands to a depth that is equal to one
AND CORRECT ANSWERS WITH DETAILED RATIONALES
Hypoglycemia and acute ischemic stroke can present similarly because:
• A: both oxygen and glucose are needed for brain function.
• B: the majority of stroke patients have a history of diabetes.
• C: the most common cause of a stroke is hypoglycemia.
• D: they are both caused by low levels of glucose in the blood.
• A: both oxygen and glucose are needed for brain function.
Reason: Although stroke and hypoglycemia are two distinctly different conditions,
their signs and symptoms are often similar. This is because the brain requires both
oxygen and glucose to function normally. An acute ischemic stroke is caused by a
lack of oxygen to a part of the brain due to a blocked cerebral artery, whereas
hypoglycemia (low blood glucose level) deprives the entire brain of glucose. In
either case, the patient presents with signs of impaired brain function (i.e., slurred
speech, weakness, altered mental status). Both conditions may lead to permanent
brain damage or death if not treated promptly.
When dealing with an emotionally disturbed patient, you should be MOST
concerned with:
• A: gathering all of the patient's medications.
• B: safely transporting to the hospital.
• C: whether the patient could harm you.
• D: obtaining a complete medical history.
You selected C; This is correct!
Reason: When managing any patient with an emotional or psychiatric crisis, your
primary concern is your own safety. Safely transporting the patient to the hospital
is your ultimate goal. If possible, you should attempt to obtain a medical history
and should take any of the patient's prescribed medications to the hospital.
However, this should not supercede your own safety or interfere with safely
transporting the patient.
,You are at the scene where a man panicked while swimming in a small lake.
Your initial attempt to rescue him should include:
• A: rowing a small raft to the victim.
• B: reaching for the victim with a long stick.
• C: throwing a rope to the victim.
• D: swimming to the victim to rescue him.
You selected B; This is correct!
Reason: General rules to follow when attempting to rescue a patient from the water
include "reach, throw, row, and then go." In this case, you should attempt to reach
the victim by having him grab hold of a large stick or similar object. If this is
unsuccessful, throw the victim a rope or flotation device (if available). If these are
not available, row to the patient in a small raft (if available). Going into the water
to retrieve the victim is a last resort. The rescuer must be a strong swimmer
because patients who are in danger of drowning are in a state of blind panic and
will make every attempt to keep themselves afloat, even if it means forcing the
rescuer underwater.
During the triage process, which of the following injuries or conditions would
classify a patient as a high priority?
• A: Partial-thickness burns with no respiratory difficulty
• B: A large avulsion to the arm and an altered mental status
• C: Pulselessness and apnea
• D: Unilateral femur fracture and tachycardia
The correct answer is B;
Reason: During triage, patients with an altered mental status, who are in shock, or
who have problems with airway, breathing, or circulation, are potentially
salvageable and are given immediate priority. Patients who are pulseless and
apneic have low priority in a mass-casualty situation. If you focus your efforts on
cardiac arrest patients, who will most likely not survive anyway, patients who
could have potentially been saved will die as well. Remember, the goal of triage is
to provide the greatest good for the greatest number of patients.
,The primary clinical feature associated with exposure to a vesicant agent is:
• A: vomiting blood.
• B: muscle twitching.
• C: tachycardia.
• D:skin blistering.
You selected D; This is correct!
Reason: The primary route of exposure of blister agents, or vesicants, is the skin. If
vesicants are left on the skin or clothing long enough, they produce vapors that can
enter the respiratory tract. Vesicants cause burn-like blisters to form on the victim's
skin as well as in the respiratory tract (if inhaled). Vesicant agents include sulfur
mustard (H), Lewisite (L), and phosgene oxime (CX). The symbols H, L, and CX
are military designations. Vesicants usually cause the most damage to damp or
moist areas of the body, such as the armpits, groin, and respiratory tract.
You arrive at the scene of a traffic accident in which multiple vehicles are
involved. You see at least two patients who are lying on the road and are not
moving. You should:
• A: begin triaging the patients.
• B: request additional ambulances.
• C: begin immediate patient care.
• D: notify medical control for advice.
You selected B; This is correct!
Reason: As soon as you determine that there are more patients than you and your
partner can effectively manage, you should immediately request additional help.
Waiting until you are overwhelmed with critically injured patients is not the time to
call for help. When in doubt, it is best to call for help. You can always cancel any
incoming ambulances if you later determine that they are not needed. After you
have called for assistance, you should begin triaging and caring for the patients to
the best of your ability.
Proper guidelines for safe reaching include all of the following, EXCEPT:
• A: keeping your back in a locked-in position.
• B: avoiding twisting of your back.
, • C: reaching no more than 30" in front of your body.
• D: avoiding hyperextension of your back.
You selected C; This is correct!
Reason: Safe reaching practices are critical to the prevention of a back injury.
When reaching, you should keep your back in a locked-in position. You should
avoid twisting or hyperextending your back, and should reach no more than 15 to
20 inches in front of your body.
Which position is MOST appropriate for a mother in labor with a prolapsed
umbilical cord?
• A: Supine with legs elevated
• B: Left lateral recumbent
• C: Supine with hips elevated
• D: Left side with legs elevated
You selected C; This is correct!
reason: When the umbilical cord is prolapsed, the infant typically slides down the
birth canal and rests on top of the cord, shutting off its own oxygen supply. Placing
the mother supine with her hips elevated will cause the baby to slide back into the
birth canal slightly, thereby relieving pressure off of the cord. It may be necessary
to insert your gloved fingers into the mother's vagina and lift the baby's head off of
the cord. Give the mother high-flow oxygen and transport without delay. A lateral
recumbent (on the side) position is appropriate for pregnant women without a
prolapsed cord and will help prevent the occurrence of supine hypotensive
syndrome, a condition in which the pregnant uterus compresses the inferior vena
cava and compromises cardiac output.
Which of the following statements regarding two-rescuer child CPR is
correct?
• A:A compression to ventilation ratio of 15:2 should be delivered without
pauses in compressions to deliver ventilations
• B:The chest should be compressed with one hand and a compression to
ventilation ratio of 30:2 should be delivered
• C:Compress the chest with one or two hands to a depth that is equal to one
