TCU DR JONES MICROBIOLOGY FINAL| 360+
ACTUAL QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS
LATEST UPDATE
1. prokaryotic cell with a rod shape
Answer > bacillus
2. spherical bacterial cell
Answer > coccus
3. spiral shaped bacteria
Answer > vibrios, spirilla, spirochete
4. Other shapes of bacterial cells
Answer > square, appendage, star-shaped, filamentous
5. Structure and organization are based on specific processes cells need to carry out
Answer > Answer > Sensing/responding to stimuli, Compartmentation of metabolism, Growth and reproduction
6. Bacterial Flagella
Answer > are long appendages Extending from the cell surface used for cell motility
7. Anatomy of a bacterial flagella
Answer > helical filament, a hook, and a basal body
8. Chemotaxis
https://www.stuvia.com/user/MBOFFIN
, Answer > moving up the concentration gradient of a chemical attractant
9. Pili
Answer > are protein fibers extending from the surface of many bacteria
10. Pili help the cell...
Answer > Attach cells to surfaces and form biofilms and microcolonies
11. conjugation pili are used to
Answer > transfer genetic material between cells
12. Glycocalyx
Answer > is an outer layer external to the cell wall that is an adhering layer of polysaccharides (sometimes small
proteins)
13. Capsule
Answer > A thick glycolayx bound to the cell
14. A slime layer
Answer > A thinner, dittuse layer of polysaccharides that protects cells from the environment, and allows them to attach
to surfaces
15. bacterial cell wall
Answer > a tough and protective external shell made of peptidoglycan
16. The cell wall's functions
Answer > protects the cell from injury, and to maintain cell shape and water balance
17. Gram-Positive bacteria
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, Answer > have thick peptidoglycan cell walls containing teichoic acid
18. Gram-Negative bacteria
Answer > have a 2-dimensional peptidoglycan layer and no teichoic acid
19. Has an outer membrane, separated from the cell membrane by the...
Answer > periplas- mic space
20. Porins
Answer > in outer membrane, selectively allow small molecules into the periplasmic space
21. represents the interface between the cell environment and the cell cyto- plasm
Answer > The cell membrane
22. The fluid mosaic model
Answer > It is a fluid layer of phospholipid and protein
23. ...form a permeability barrier
Answer > Hydrophobic fatty acid chains in the phospholipids
24. Membrane proteins perform or aid in many functions
Answer > Cell wall synthesis, Energy metabolism, DNA replication, Sensation of stimuli, Molecule
transport
25. Antimicrobial substances may...
Answer > ...disrupt or dissolve the bilayer
26. Binary Fission Answer > The cell doubles in mass, DNA replicated in the two strands separate
https://www.stuvia.com/user/MBOFFIN
, 27. Cytokinesis Answer > is an inward pinching of the cell membrane and cell wall to separate the cell into two
genetically identical cells
28. The generation (or doubling) time Answer > an interval between successive binary fissions
29. This constant doubling of the numbers only occurs as long as... Answer >
nutrients for growth are available during the log phase of growth
30. A bacterial growth curve Answer > illustrates the dynamics of growth
31. During the lag phase Answer > no cell division occurs while bacteria adapt to their new environment
32. The logarithmic (log) phase Answer > exponential growth of the population occurs during this phase
33. Human disease symptoms usually develop during it Answer > Log Phase
34. Stationary phase Answer > when reproductive and death rates equalize
35. Decline (exponential death) phase Answer > the accumulation of waste products and scarcity of
resources causes it to enter
36. Endospores are a response to Answer > nutrient limitation
37. Endospores are a highly resistant survival structure formed by species of
and when nutrient supplies are low Answer > Clostridium and Bacillus
38. Spores can lay dormant for years then germinate into a vegetative cell,
withstand Answer > boiling water, alcohol and radiation
39. A stressed cell undergoes asymmetrical cell division creating... Answer > creating
a small prespore and a larger mother cell
40. The prespore contains Answer > Cytoplasm, DNA, Dipicolinic
https://www.stuvia.com/user/MBOFFIN
ACTUAL QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS
LATEST UPDATE
1. prokaryotic cell with a rod shape
Answer > bacillus
2. spherical bacterial cell
Answer > coccus
3. spiral shaped bacteria
Answer > vibrios, spirilla, spirochete
4. Other shapes of bacterial cells
Answer > square, appendage, star-shaped, filamentous
5. Structure and organization are based on specific processes cells need to carry out
Answer > Answer > Sensing/responding to stimuli, Compartmentation of metabolism, Growth and reproduction
6. Bacterial Flagella
Answer > are long appendages Extending from the cell surface used for cell motility
7. Anatomy of a bacterial flagella
Answer > helical filament, a hook, and a basal body
8. Chemotaxis
https://www.stuvia.com/user/MBOFFIN
, Answer > moving up the concentration gradient of a chemical attractant
9. Pili
Answer > are protein fibers extending from the surface of many bacteria
10. Pili help the cell...
Answer > Attach cells to surfaces and form biofilms and microcolonies
11. conjugation pili are used to
Answer > transfer genetic material between cells
12. Glycocalyx
Answer > is an outer layer external to the cell wall that is an adhering layer of polysaccharides (sometimes small
proteins)
13. Capsule
Answer > A thick glycolayx bound to the cell
14. A slime layer
Answer > A thinner, dittuse layer of polysaccharides that protects cells from the environment, and allows them to attach
to surfaces
15. bacterial cell wall
Answer > a tough and protective external shell made of peptidoglycan
16. The cell wall's functions
Answer > protects the cell from injury, and to maintain cell shape and water balance
17. Gram-Positive bacteria
https://www.stuvia.com/user/MBOFFIN
, Answer > have thick peptidoglycan cell walls containing teichoic acid
18. Gram-Negative bacteria
Answer > have a 2-dimensional peptidoglycan layer and no teichoic acid
19. Has an outer membrane, separated from the cell membrane by the...
Answer > periplas- mic space
20. Porins
Answer > in outer membrane, selectively allow small molecules into the periplasmic space
21. represents the interface between the cell environment and the cell cyto- plasm
Answer > The cell membrane
22. The fluid mosaic model
Answer > It is a fluid layer of phospholipid and protein
23. ...form a permeability barrier
Answer > Hydrophobic fatty acid chains in the phospholipids
24. Membrane proteins perform or aid in many functions
Answer > Cell wall synthesis, Energy metabolism, DNA replication, Sensation of stimuli, Molecule
transport
25. Antimicrobial substances may...
Answer > ...disrupt or dissolve the bilayer
26. Binary Fission Answer > The cell doubles in mass, DNA replicated in the two strands separate
https://www.stuvia.com/user/MBOFFIN
, 27. Cytokinesis Answer > is an inward pinching of the cell membrane and cell wall to separate the cell into two
genetically identical cells
28. The generation (or doubling) time Answer > an interval between successive binary fissions
29. This constant doubling of the numbers only occurs as long as... Answer >
nutrients for growth are available during the log phase of growth
30. A bacterial growth curve Answer > illustrates the dynamics of growth
31. During the lag phase Answer > no cell division occurs while bacteria adapt to their new environment
32. The logarithmic (log) phase Answer > exponential growth of the population occurs during this phase
33. Human disease symptoms usually develop during it Answer > Log Phase
34. Stationary phase Answer > when reproductive and death rates equalize
35. Decline (exponential death) phase Answer > the accumulation of waste products and scarcity of
resources causes it to enter
36. Endospores are a response to Answer > nutrient limitation
37. Endospores are a highly resistant survival structure formed by species of
and when nutrient supplies are low Answer > Clostridium and Bacillus
38. Spores can lay dormant for years then germinate into a vegetative cell,
withstand Answer > boiling water, alcohol and radiation
39. A stressed cell undergoes asymmetrical cell division creating... Answer > creating
a small prespore and a larger mother cell
40. The prespore contains Answer > Cytoplasm, DNA, Dipicolinic
https://www.stuvia.com/user/MBOFFIN
