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Terms in this set (178)
Health disparities are differences in the incidence,
Health Disparities prevalence, mortality rate, and burden of disease
the exist among specific population groups
- gender
- Age
- Ethnicity and Race
Health Disparities can
- Socioeconomic status
affect population groups
- Education
based on
- Geographic Location
-Sexual Orientation
- Disability Status
- Lesbian and Bisexual women have higher rates of
Example of Health breast cancer and cardiovascular disease
Disparity: Sexual Identity - Gay and bisexual men have higher rates of HIV and
viral hepatitis
Woman are less likely to receive procedures for
Example of Health
cardiovascular disease even though they use more
Disparity: Gender
health care services than men
Example of Health Older adults may be less likely to be offered
Disparity: Age aggressive treatments for medical problems
- HCP attitudes can affect health-seeking behaviors
Healthcare Provider
and are likely to result in less aggressive or negative
(HCP) Attitudes
treatment practices and delay in diagnosis
, - Use evidence based clinical guidelines
- Consider the health literacy level of your patients
when planning care and treatment, when explaining
medical recommendations, and when handing out
written material
- Be sensitive to patient backgrounds and cultures
What can nurses do to
- Use translation services and provide patient
combat health
education in patient's language
disparities?
-Volunteer with nonprofit community based
agencies
- Get involved at the local, state, and national level
(advocacy through professional organizations,
public policy, etc)
- Encourage workforce diversity
Prevention includes a wide range of activities-
Disease Prevention known as "interventions" - aimed at reducing risks or
threats to health
Disease Prevention Health care workers describe three categories:
Stages primary, secondary, and tertiary
aims to prevent disease or injury before it ever
occurs.
- Done by preventing exposures to hazards that
Primary Prevention cause disease or injury, altering unhealthy or unsafe
behaviors that can lead to disease or injury, and
increasing resistance to disease or injury should
exposure occur
- Legislation and enforcement to ban or control the
use of hazardous products (e.g. asbestos)
- Mandate safe and healthy practices (use of
Examples of Primary
seatbelts and bike helmets)
Prevention
- Education about healthy and safe habits (eating
well, exercise, not smoking)
- Immunization against infectious diseases
, aims to reduce the impact of a disease or injury that
has already occurred. This is done by detecting and
treating disease or injury as soon as possible to halt
or slow its progress, encouraging personal
Secondary prevention
strategies to prevent reinjury or recurrence, and
implementing programs to return people to their
original health and function to prevent long-term
problems.
- Regular exams, breast or testicular self-exams
andscreening tests to detect disease in its earliest
stages(mammograms to detect breast cancer).
- Maternal and child health screenings to prevent
Secondary Prevention-
congenital malformations.
Examples
- Daily, low-dose aspirins and/or diet and exercise
programs to prevent further heart attacks or strokes
- Suitably modified work so injured or ill workers can
return safely to their jobs
aims to soften the impact of an ongoing illness or
injury that has lasting effects. This is done by helping
people manage long-term, often-complex health
Tertiary Prevention problems and injuries (chronic diseases, permanent
impairments) to improve as much as possible their
ability to function, their quality of life and their life
expectancy.
- Cardiac or stroke rehabilitation programs, chronic
disease management programs (ex: diabetes,
arthritis, depression)•
Tertiary Prevention- - Support groups that allow members to share
Examples strategies for living well
- Vocational rehabilitation programs to retrain
workers for new jobs when they have recovered as
much as possible.
Transtheoretical Model A theory to explain how and why adults learn
of Change