CS 151 ZYBOOKS 1 EXAM QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS. VERIFIED 2025/2026.
Logic - ANS the study of formal reasoning
Proposition - ANS a statement that is either true or false
Truth Value - ANS A value indicating whether the proposition is actually true or false
Compound Proposition - ANS created by connecting individual propositions with logical
operations
Logical Operation - ANS combines propositions using a particular composition rule
Conjunction Operation - ANS ∧ (and)
Truth Table - ANS shows the truth value of a compound proposition for every possible
combination of truth values for the variables contained in the compound proposition. Every row
in the truth table shows a particular truth value for each variable, along with the compound
proposition's corresponding truth value
Disjunction - ANS ∨ (inclusive or)
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, Inclusive Or - ANS either or both
Exclusive Or - ANS ⊕ (one or the other but not both)
Negation - ANS ¬ (acts on just one proposition and has the effect of reversing the truth value
of the proposition)
Order of operations in absence of parentheses: - ANS Negation, Conjunction, Disjunction
Conditional Operation - ANS denoted with the symbol →. The proposition p → q is read "if p
then q". The proposition p → q is false if p is true and q is false; otherwise, p → q is true.
Conditional Proposition - ANS A compound proposition that uses a conditional operation
Converse - ANS p → q is q → p
Inverse - ANS p → q is ¬p → ¬q
Contrapositive - ANS p → q is ¬q → ¬p
Biconditional Operation - ANS If p and q are propositions, the proposition "p if and only if q"
is denoted p ↔ q. The proposition p ↔ q is true when p and q have the same truth value and
is false when p and q have different truth values.
Alternative ways of expressing p ↔ q in English include "p is necessary and sufficient for q" or
"if p then q, and conversely"
2 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
AND ANSWERS. VERIFIED 2025/2026.
Logic - ANS the study of formal reasoning
Proposition - ANS a statement that is either true or false
Truth Value - ANS A value indicating whether the proposition is actually true or false
Compound Proposition - ANS created by connecting individual propositions with logical
operations
Logical Operation - ANS combines propositions using a particular composition rule
Conjunction Operation - ANS ∧ (and)
Truth Table - ANS shows the truth value of a compound proposition for every possible
combination of truth values for the variables contained in the compound proposition. Every row
in the truth table shows a particular truth value for each variable, along with the compound
proposition's corresponding truth value
Disjunction - ANS ∨ (inclusive or)
1 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
, Inclusive Or - ANS either or both
Exclusive Or - ANS ⊕ (one or the other but not both)
Negation - ANS ¬ (acts on just one proposition and has the effect of reversing the truth value
of the proposition)
Order of operations in absence of parentheses: - ANS Negation, Conjunction, Disjunction
Conditional Operation - ANS denoted with the symbol →. The proposition p → q is read "if p
then q". The proposition p → q is false if p is true and q is false; otherwise, p → q is true.
Conditional Proposition - ANS A compound proposition that uses a conditional operation
Converse - ANS p → q is q → p
Inverse - ANS p → q is ¬p → ¬q
Contrapositive - ANS p → q is ¬q → ¬p
Biconditional Operation - ANS If p and q are propositions, the proposition "p if and only if q"
is denoted p ↔ q. The proposition p ↔ q is true when p and q have the same truth value and
is false when p and q have different truth values.
Alternative ways of expressing p ↔ q in English include "p is necessary and sufficient for q" or
"if p then q, and conversely"
2 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
