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Simplest review of chapter 7 Gen chem

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This set of notes clearly explains everything you need to understand about light, quantum theory, and atomic models for chemistry and physics exams. It covers how light behaves both as a wave and as a particle, the meaning of wavelength, frequency, and amplitude, and how they relate through the speed of light equation. The notes also include the full electromagnetic spectrum from gamma rays to radio waves, showing how energy and frequency increase together, along with worked examples such as calculating wavelength from frequency. The concept of photons and their energy using Planck’s equation is explained in an easy and direct way, followed by a breakdown of quantum theory, where electrons absorb energy to move up a level and release light when falling back down. The hydrogen emission spectrum is covered with Lyman, Balmer, and Paschen series, including a step-by-step example using Rydberg’s equation to find wavelength. The Bohr model is presented with the idea of ground and excited states, and the notes also include Bohr’s energy equation. The de Broglie equation for matter waves is explained with a calculation example. Finally, all four quantum numbers—principal, angular momentum, magnetic orientation, and spin—are organized in a simple section with subshell letters and energy order (4s < 4p < 4d < 4f) to help students predict electron configurations and orbital energy. These notes are especially useful for students preparing for chemistry or physics exams in high school, college general chemistry, AP Chemistry, A-levels, IB, and anyone who struggles to memorize formulas. They can be used for fast revision, homework help, study guides, and exam preparation since they include clear definitions, formulas, worked examples, and explanations of abstract concepts in a simple way. The notes save time because they condense complicated textbook material into a format that is easy to understand and quick to review before a test. They are ideal for visual learners and anyone who wants to improve grades with a solid understanding of light, photons, energy levels, electron transitions, and quantum theory. This makes the document extremely valuable and profitable for exam season, especially for students who want a reliable resource that explains the material without confusion. Let me know if you want a cover page, PDF version, or flashcards to increase sales even more.

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Document information

Uploaded on
December 7, 2025
Number of pages
7
Written in
2025/2026
Type
Class notes
Professor(s)
Bauer
Contains
All classes

Subjects

Content preview

, Chapter
L


Light Electromagnetic
1 ) Radiation =




Light Behaves like waves and particles

-
A ware has

Wavelength (x) = distance between peaks
Wavelength and Frequent
>
·




·
Frequency (v) = how
many
waves
per second
Iversely related
are In
·
Amplitude :
height to the wave


F wavelength ↑ Frequency t



win
C= V-
us -




where : M/s meters
ーつ 合 -
→ V=

C : 3 .
00x100m/s (speed of light)
X=
wavelength

frequency
ー …
ー …
- — _ _




Ectromagnetic
Spectium


Gamma UV Visible InFared Microwave Radio
rayl X-ray
> > > >




Energy Increases as
Frequenly Increases
… … … … …
… …




How
#
Find the
to calculate Wavelength/Frequency
wavelength of 2 4 GHz .




-
Step 1 : convert GHz-> Hz


る H 4
マニ 1 xc 09 Hz



Step 2
-



: use



λ =


λ=るメ O 1□ 5 n
=

a
るり 10




女水
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