Gastroenterology Exam with 100%
Correct Answers
GI system is divided into two parts: - ANS-upper digestive system and lower digestive
system
Upper digestive system: - ANS-mouth, esophagus, stomach
Lower digestive system: - ANS-small and large intestines
GI organs have three primary functions: - ANS-digestion, absorption, elimination
masticated - ANS-chewed
Hernia - ANS-abnormal protrusion of part of an organ through the the structure that
contains it
Causes of hernias: - ANS-congenital weakness of of structures, trauma, relaxation of
ligaments and skeletal muscles, increase upward pressure from abdomen
Sliding hiatal hernia: - ANS-part of stomach moves above diaphragm when supine and
slide back down into abdomen when standing
Paraesophegeal hiatal hernia - ANS-part of stomach moves through weakened hiatus,
causes reflux of highly acidic stomach contents into esophagus, dysphagia, and chronic
esophagitis --complaints of heartburn, belching, discomfort when coughing, bending
over, lying down after eating
GERD-acronym - ANS-Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
GERD-definition - ANS-gastroesophegeal sphincter at distal end of esophagus doesn't
not close properly, allows acidic stomach acid to leak back (reflux) into esophagus
GERD-diagnosis - ANS-heartburn more than twice a week, common in alcohol abuse,
pregnancy, overweight people, and smokers; may show chest pain, a.m. hoarseness,
difficulty swallowing, tightness in throat, choking sensation, dry cough, bad breath
Gerd- food that can worsen - ANS-caffeine, high fat, acidic
Peptic ulcers occur: - ANS-proximal duodenum (also less frequently stomach)
, Peptic ulcer's characteristics: - ANS-breakdown of mucosal membrane leading to
ulceration
Peptic ulcer first sign: - ANS-iron-deficiency anemia, positive stool test for occult blood
Gastric ulcer may cause ___ loss. - ANS-weight
Duodenal lesions cause - ANS-N/V
Hermatemesis - ANS-blood in vomitus
Melena - ANS-coffee ground-like vomius and or black tarry stool
80% gastric, 90% duodenal ulcers caused by - ANS-H. pylori bacteria
Pyloric stenosis - ANS-narrowing and hardening of pyloric sphincter at distal end of
stomach (stomach unable to empty effectively)
Pyloric stenosis-congenital occurs when? - ANS-Usually in first born males, corrected
by surgery
Food poisoning occurs when - ANS-bacteria or toxic material is eaten
Dumping syndrome - ANS-post surgical complication of weight loss surgery, sweets or
high fat foods can can it to occur, jejunum fills too rapidly with undigested food
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) - ANS-bowel doesn't work like it should, occurs more in
women,
IBS diagnosis - ANS-abdominal discount > 3 months, abdominal pain relieved by
defecation, feeling bloated, change in bowel habits
Acute Appendictis - ANS-signs include RLQ pain, N/V, tenderness, low-grade fever,
increase in WBC count
Crohn's disease-what is it - ANS-inflammation in alimentary tract, most commonly in
ileum, begins as ulcer then affects surrounding tissue
Crohn's disease-symptoms - ANS-loose stools, melena, pain & tenderness in RLQ,
anorexia, weight loss, fatigue
Crohn's disease-if spreads - ANS-decreases ability of intestine to absorb nutrients
Ulcerative colitis - ANS-inflammation in rectum, moving to colon, causes ulcers that
invade mucosal-submucosal layers
Correct Answers
GI system is divided into two parts: - ANS-upper digestive system and lower digestive
system
Upper digestive system: - ANS-mouth, esophagus, stomach
Lower digestive system: - ANS-small and large intestines
GI organs have three primary functions: - ANS-digestion, absorption, elimination
masticated - ANS-chewed
Hernia - ANS-abnormal protrusion of part of an organ through the the structure that
contains it
Causes of hernias: - ANS-congenital weakness of of structures, trauma, relaxation of
ligaments and skeletal muscles, increase upward pressure from abdomen
Sliding hiatal hernia: - ANS-part of stomach moves above diaphragm when supine and
slide back down into abdomen when standing
Paraesophegeal hiatal hernia - ANS-part of stomach moves through weakened hiatus,
causes reflux of highly acidic stomach contents into esophagus, dysphagia, and chronic
esophagitis --complaints of heartburn, belching, discomfort when coughing, bending
over, lying down after eating
GERD-acronym - ANS-Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
GERD-definition - ANS-gastroesophegeal sphincter at distal end of esophagus doesn't
not close properly, allows acidic stomach acid to leak back (reflux) into esophagus
GERD-diagnosis - ANS-heartburn more than twice a week, common in alcohol abuse,
pregnancy, overweight people, and smokers; may show chest pain, a.m. hoarseness,
difficulty swallowing, tightness in throat, choking sensation, dry cough, bad breath
Gerd- food that can worsen - ANS-caffeine, high fat, acidic
Peptic ulcers occur: - ANS-proximal duodenum (also less frequently stomach)
, Peptic ulcer's characteristics: - ANS-breakdown of mucosal membrane leading to
ulceration
Peptic ulcer first sign: - ANS-iron-deficiency anemia, positive stool test for occult blood
Gastric ulcer may cause ___ loss. - ANS-weight
Duodenal lesions cause - ANS-N/V
Hermatemesis - ANS-blood in vomitus
Melena - ANS-coffee ground-like vomius and or black tarry stool
80% gastric, 90% duodenal ulcers caused by - ANS-H. pylori bacteria
Pyloric stenosis - ANS-narrowing and hardening of pyloric sphincter at distal end of
stomach (stomach unable to empty effectively)
Pyloric stenosis-congenital occurs when? - ANS-Usually in first born males, corrected
by surgery
Food poisoning occurs when - ANS-bacteria or toxic material is eaten
Dumping syndrome - ANS-post surgical complication of weight loss surgery, sweets or
high fat foods can can it to occur, jejunum fills too rapidly with undigested food
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) - ANS-bowel doesn't work like it should, occurs more in
women,
IBS diagnosis - ANS-abdominal discount > 3 months, abdominal pain relieved by
defecation, feeling bloated, change in bowel habits
Acute Appendictis - ANS-signs include RLQ pain, N/V, tenderness, low-grade fever,
increase in WBC count
Crohn's disease-what is it - ANS-inflammation in alimentary tract, most commonly in
ileum, begins as ulcer then affects surrounding tissue
Crohn's disease-symptoms - ANS-loose stools, melena, pain & tenderness in RLQ,
anorexia, weight loss, fatigue
Crohn's disease-if spreads - ANS-decreases ability of intestine to absorb nutrients
Ulcerative colitis - ANS-inflammation in rectum, moving to colon, causes ulcers that
invade mucosal-submucosal layers
