The Periodic Table: Organization, Properties, and Chemical Families

📚 The Periodic Table Study Guide
1. Organization of the Periodic Table
The periodic table organizes elements based on various properties, including reactivity and mass.

●​ Periods (Horizontal Rows): Organize elements according to their atomic number.
●​ Groups (Vertical Columns): Organize elements according to the number of valence electrons
they possess.


2. Classification of Elements: Metals, Non-Metals & Metalloids
The elements on the periodic table can be classified into three main types.

●​ Metals: All elements to the left of the thick black staircase line.
●​ Non-Metals: All elements to the right of the thick black staircase line.
●​ Metalloids: Elements that border the staircase line. These elements display properties of both
metals and non-metals.




Key Properties Table

Element State at Room Appearance Conductivity Malleability/Ductility
Type Temp.

Metals
Solids (except Shiny lustre Good conductors of Very malleable,
mercury = liquid) heat and electricity ductile


Non-Metal
s Some gases, Not Poor conductors of heat Brittle, not ductile
some solids (only shiny/Dull and electricity
bromine = liquid)