SPI EXAM QUESTIONS & DETAILED CORRECT
ANSWERS PASSED ALREADY GRADED A+
1. Apply ALARA?
generally
accepted, 7. Thermal Index (TI)
infec- tion
control pre-
cautions &
dis- infectant
tech- niques
2. Knowledge of
sterile
technique
3. Modify output
power
following
ALARA
principles
4. Synonyms
for pulser
5. Changes in
the pulser
voltage
6. What two
mea-
surements
are for
1/
68
,SPI EXAM QUESTIONS & DETAILED CORRECT
ANSWERS PASSED ALREADY GRADED A+
• ultrasound TRANSMIS- SION.
transducers rarely
penetrate mucous Output gain, acoustic power, pulser power, energy output, transmitter
membranes & are less output, power or gain
likely to transmit infection
• pulser is set to low voltage= PZT vibrates gently with a weak
& only require disinfection.
sound beam transmitted. The reflected echoes are weak & the
Endo cavitary probes are
entire image is dark
even less critical but they
• pulser voltage is high= the element vibrates more forcefully
are routinely covered with
transmitting a stronger sound beam. Reflected echoes are stronger &
a single use barrier
the entire image is bright
• clean intracavitary probes
with glutaraldehyde NEVER
Thermal index (TI) & mechanical index (MI)
USE CIDEX
• Proposes that bioeffects result from tissue temperature elevation.
As a rule, transducers
TI predicts maximum temperature increase under most clinically
should be disinfected with
relevant conditions.
Cidex or other cold
• TIS= soft tissue
germicides. Transducers
• TIB= bone
should not be autoclaved
• TIC= cranial bone
The sonographer can
adjust the magnitude of
the pulsers electrical
voltage spike which ranges
from near 0 to 100 volts.
The pulser creates
electrical signals that
excite PZTs to create the
sound beam. The pulser
functions during
2/
68
,SPI EXAM QUESTIONS & DETAILED CORRECT
ANSWERS PASSED ALREADY GRADED A+
• maximum heating related to SPTA
• will increase 1C in temp if probe is stationary
8. Mechanical Bioeffect of cavitation (bubbles) lower MI= less cavitation, less pressure
In- dex (MI) & higher frequency
9. ALARA As Low As Reasonably Achievable
10. Dosimetry Study of bioeffects of exposure of body to signals used in diagnostic
testing, such as ultrasound, Xray, mri, etc.
11. Bioeffects Intensity of sound beams
12. What are the • heat— energy dissipated as ultrasound travels thru tissue (SPTA is be
2 bioeffects index)
of ul- • cavitation— creation of little spaces due to movement of particles (little
trasound? cavities or pockets) (temporal peak, TP, is best index)
13. therapeutic ultra- utilizes low-frequency sound waves to treat muscle injuries by generatin
heat
sound more intense?
14. AIUM found
no bad effects
with what
kind of in-
tensities?
15. Why higher
okay
threshold
with focused
beam?
Wouldn't it be
3/
68
,SPI EXAM QUESTIONS & DETAILED CORRECT
ANSWERS PASSED ALREADY GRADED A+
deep within muscle tissue W/cm2
• so bad effects with >100 mW/cm2 unfocused & >1 W/cm2 focused
• unfocused beam at 100
mW/cm2
• focused beam at 1 Narrowing the beam does not affect the intensity of the beam
16. Ergonomics •interaction between the sonographer, patient & equipment in order to
optimize the wellbeing of sonographers in their professional
environment
• there are ergonomic devices such as wrist braces, adaptive support
cushions,
4/
68
ANSWERS PASSED ALREADY GRADED A+
1. Apply ALARA?
generally
accepted, 7. Thermal Index (TI)
infec- tion
control pre-
cautions &
dis- infectant
tech- niques
2. Knowledge of
sterile
technique
3. Modify output
power
following
ALARA
principles
4. Synonyms
for pulser
5. Changes in
the pulser
voltage
6. What two
mea-
surements
are for
1/
68
,SPI EXAM QUESTIONS & DETAILED CORRECT
ANSWERS PASSED ALREADY GRADED A+
• ultrasound TRANSMIS- SION.
transducers rarely
penetrate mucous Output gain, acoustic power, pulser power, energy output, transmitter
membranes & are less output, power or gain
likely to transmit infection
• pulser is set to low voltage= PZT vibrates gently with a weak
& only require disinfection.
sound beam transmitted. The reflected echoes are weak & the
Endo cavitary probes are
entire image is dark
even less critical but they
• pulser voltage is high= the element vibrates more forcefully
are routinely covered with
transmitting a stronger sound beam. Reflected echoes are stronger &
a single use barrier
the entire image is bright
• clean intracavitary probes
with glutaraldehyde NEVER
Thermal index (TI) & mechanical index (MI)
USE CIDEX
• Proposes that bioeffects result from tissue temperature elevation.
As a rule, transducers
TI predicts maximum temperature increase under most clinically
should be disinfected with
relevant conditions.
Cidex or other cold
• TIS= soft tissue
germicides. Transducers
• TIB= bone
should not be autoclaved
• TIC= cranial bone
The sonographer can
adjust the magnitude of
the pulsers electrical
voltage spike which ranges
from near 0 to 100 volts.
The pulser creates
electrical signals that
excite PZTs to create the
sound beam. The pulser
functions during
2/
68
,SPI EXAM QUESTIONS & DETAILED CORRECT
ANSWERS PASSED ALREADY GRADED A+
• maximum heating related to SPTA
• will increase 1C in temp if probe is stationary
8. Mechanical Bioeffect of cavitation (bubbles) lower MI= less cavitation, less pressure
In- dex (MI) & higher frequency
9. ALARA As Low As Reasonably Achievable
10. Dosimetry Study of bioeffects of exposure of body to signals used in diagnostic
testing, such as ultrasound, Xray, mri, etc.
11. Bioeffects Intensity of sound beams
12. What are the • heat— energy dissipated as ultrasound travels thru tissue (SPTA is be
2 bioeffects index)
of ul- • cavitation— creation of little spaces due to movement of particles (little
trasound? cavities or pockets) (temporal peak, TP, is best index)
13. therapeutic ultra- utilizes low-frequency sound waves to treat muscle injuries by generatin
heat
sound more intense?
14. AIUM found
no bad effects
with what
kind of in-
tensities?
15. Why higher
okay
threshold
with focused
beam?
Wouldn't it be
3/
68
,SPI EXAM QUESTIONS & DETAILED CORRECT
ANSWERS PASSED ALREADY GRADED A+
deep within muscle tissue W/cm2
• so bad effects with >100 mW/cm2 unfocused & >1 W/cm2 focused
• unfocused beam at 100
mW/cm2
• focused beam at 1 Narrowing the beam does not affect the intensity of the beam
16. Ergonomics •interaction between the sonographer, patient & equipment in order to
optimize the wellbeing of sonographers in their professional
environment
• there are ergonomic devices such as wrist braces, adaptive support
cushions,
4/
68
