Bios 255 exam 1 Questions and Answers

Bios 255 exam 1 Questions and Answers oxygen is carried by _______ cells. it binds to proteins called ______ that contain iron erythrocytes; hemoglobin of the formed elements, which cells are responsible for immune function, clotting, and gas transfer-in that order? leukocytes, platelets, erythrocytes what are the major functions of blood? (you must name 3) 1) plays a role in immune function 2) temp regulation 3) pH regulation 4) gas/nutrients/ waste transport 5) regulates water loss a patient has a stroke volume of 70ml/beat, a heart rate of 70 beats/min, a mean arterial pressure of 100, systolic BP of 95 and diastolic BP of 60. calculate output of this patient CO=SVxHR=70ml/beat/min=4900ml/min=4.9L/min which ions mediate the upstroke, plateau, and downstroke of a cardiac action potential. indicate the contraction phase that correlates to these events upstroke=sodium; depolarization plateau=calcium; contraction downstroke=potassium; relaxation what are the three layers of the heart? epicardium, myocardium, endocardium what is the fluid filled sac called that surrounds the heart? pericardium when red blood cells get broken down, the iron molecule is transferred from the macrophage to the liver with which transfer protein? transferrin Which wave indicates atrial depolarization? P wave what makes up this component of whole blood? serum, water, plasma proteins, nutrients, dissolved gases and electrolytes what type of white blood cell is displayed in this image eosinophils where does the breakdown of red blood cells start? in a macrophage what is the process of emigration/extravasation and what subtype of WBC's most commonly conduct it WBCs leaving vessels and migrating to external infections- neutrophils and monocytes what classifies an individual as anemic? they have reduced oxygen-carrying capacity of blood list the physical characteristics of cardiac muscle cells intercalated discs, nuclei, striations, gap junctions what is the driver of the heart conduction system? and what happens if it fails? the SA(sinoatrial node)-and if it fails the AV node takes over when valves close, what type of wave is observed on a pressure chart? the dicrotic wave what are 3 'systems' of blood circulation that we discussed in class? pulmonary system systemic system coronary system during ventricular systole, what is happening to the blood volume within the ventricle? first, there is no change-once pressure is great enough and the semilunar valves one, volume drops what 3 veins empty into the right atrium superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, coronary sinus an individual has an increase in afterload, what effect would this have on MAP an increase in afterload=decrease in SV=decrease in CO=decrease in MAP what are two unique structures the fetus heart has and not the adult heart? foramen ovale and ductus arteriosus which chamber of the heart has the thickest walls? left ventricle during the cardiac cycle, the heart experiences two isovolumetric states- when do these occur? the beginning of ventricular systole and beginning of ventricular diastole during ventricular systole, what happens to the pressure within the ventricles? it increases where do heart sounds come from? closing of valves where is the atrial repolarization located on an EKG it is masked by the QRS complex what chambers are contracting to cause the p-wave on an EKG the left and right atria what are the 5 structures of the cardiac conductive tissue? 1) SA node 2) AV node 3) bundle of his 4) left and right bundle branches 5) purkinji fibers the process of creating new red blood cells is called? erythropoiesis