UTA 3366 PATHO EXAM #2 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS) ALREADY
GRADED A+
Impetigo Ans✓✓✓an eruption of blisters usually around nose & mouth
that are itchy, crusty, and contagious
Innate Resistance Ans✓✓✓AKA "natural", defense mechanisms we are
born with
1st Line Of Defense Ans✓✓✓the body's physical barriers which are
immediate and non-specific
2nd Line Of Defense Ans✓✓✓inflammation, also immediate and non-
specific
Acquired Immunity Ans✓✓✓AKA "adaptive", being able to resist
certain diseases or conditions due to immunocyte involvement
Acquired Immunity is Ans✓✓✓delayed and specific
What is the First Line of Defense? Ans✓✓✓physical/mechanical and
biochemical barrier and what breach them
What type of resistance is the First Line of Defense? Ans✓✓✓innate
resistance
,What are examples of the First Line of Defense? Ans✓✓✓skin and it's
glands, and membranes/glands of body openings
Immunocytes are Ans✓✓✓lymphocytes (B-cells and T-cells)
Defense roles of the Skin and its glands Ans✓✓✓-protects more
vulnerable areas underneath from simple hazards
-desquamation of skin(shedding of skin cells therefore bacteria too)
-glands secrete sweat which has antibacterial and antifungal properties
Antibacterial and antifungal properties of sweat Ans✓✓✓-attack cell
walls of certain bacteria
-contribute to making the skin actually acidic making it inhospitable to
most bacteria
Stressors that can breach the 1st Line of Defense Ans✓✓✓lacerations,
abrasions, punctures, etc.
Eyes Defense Mechanism Ans✓✓✓-Tears: blinking causes lacrimal
glands to spread tears over eyes=washing eye regularly
-Eyelashes
Stressors the can breach the Eye's Defense Ans✓✓✓-dry eye syndrome
,-Sjorgren's syndrome
Dry Eye Syndrome Ans✓✓✓manufacturing of tears slows down'
happens to some degree to almost everyone as they age
Sjorgren's Syndrome Ans✓✓✓autoimmune disease that dries up all
lubricating fluids in the body
Respiratory System Defenses Ans✓✓✓-viscosity of mucus in nose
-hair traps bacteria
-cilia of cells sweep away foreign bodies
-cough reflex: foreign body inhaled reaches the carina>cough reflex
stimulated
Stressors that can breach the Respiratory System Defenses Ans✓✓✓-
cigarette smoking changes bronchial cells- no more cilia (metaplasia)
-cough reflex suppression such as in head injury or stroke
Gastrointestinal (GI) System Defenses Ans✓✓✓-saliva contains
protective enzymes
-stomach: HCl destroys most microbes
-gag reflex/vomiting rids of injurious agents
-bowels (good gut flora and defecation)
, Normal bowel are referred to as "good flora" because Ans✓✓✓they are
microbes that live in harmony with us by keeping out malicious
microbes by competing for food in the gut
Defecation Ans✓✓✓gets rid of injurious agents such as harmful bacteria
Stressors that can breach the Gastrointestinal (GI) System Ans✓✓✓-
Sjorgren's: dry up saliva=less protection in mouth
-anything that changes bowel flora (ex: antibiotics)
Genitourinary System Defenses Ans✓✓✓-flow of urine washes away
microbes
-vaginal secretions slightly acidic-kills bacteria
Stressors that can breach the Genitourinary System (GU) Defenses
Ans✓✓✓-decreased urine flow (ex: kidney stones/failure)
-anything changing vaginal acidity such as douching
Expected manifestations of 2nd Line of Defense Ans✓✓✓Swelling,
Heat, Erythema, and Pain (SHEP)
Because inflammation is an uncomfortable process it is often mistakenly
though of as Ans✓✓✓an abnormal state
DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS) ALREADY
GRADED A+
Impetigo Ans✓✓✓an eruption of blisters usually around nose & mouth
that are itchy, crusty, and contagious
Innate Resistance Ans✓✓✓AKA "natural", defense mechanisms we are
born with
1st Line Of Defense Ans✓✓✓the body's physical barriers which are
immediate and non-specific
2nd Line Of Defense Ans✓✓✓inflammation, also immediate and non-
specific
Acquired Immunity Ans✓✓✓AKA "adaptive", being able to resist
certain diseases or conditions due to immunocyte involvement
Acquired Immunity is Ans✓✓✓delayed and specific
What is the First Line of Defense? Ans✓✓✓physical/mechanical and
biochemical barrier and what breach them
What type of resistance is the First Line of Defense? Ans✓✓✓innate
resistance
,What are examples of the First Line of Defense? Ans✓✓✓skin and it's
glands, and membranes/glands of body openings
Immunocytes are Ans✓✓✓lymphocytes (B-cells and T-cells)
Defense roles of the Skin and its glands Ans✓✓✓-protects more
vulnerable areas underneath from simple hazards
-desquamation of skin(shedding of skin cells therefore bacteria too)
-glands secrete sweat which has antibacterial and antifungal properties
Antibacterial and antifungal properties of sweat Ans✓✓✓-attack cell
walls of certain bacteria
-contribute to making the skin actually acidic making it inhospitable to
most bacteria
Stressors that can breach the 1st Line of Defense Ans✓✓✓lacerations,
abrasions, punctures, etc.
Eyes Defense Mechanism Ans✓✓✓-Tears: blinking causes lacrimal
glands to spread tears over eyes=washing eye regularly
-Eyelashes
Stressors the can breach the Eye's Defense Ans✓✓✓-dry eye syndrome
,-Sjorgren's syndrome
Dry Eye Syndrome Ans✓✓✓manufacturing of tears slows down'
happens to some degree to almost everyone as they age
Sjorgren's Syndrome Ans✓✓✓autoimmune disease that dries up all
lubricating fluids in the body
Respiratory System Defenses Ans✓✓✓-viscosity of mucus in nose
-hair traps bacteria
-cilia of cells sweep away foreign bodies
-cough reflex: foreign body inhaled reaches the carina>cough reflex
stimulated
Stressors that can breach the Respiratory System Defenses Ans✓✓✓-
cigarette smoking changes bronchial cells- no more cilia (metaplasia)
-cough reflex suppression such as in head injury or stroke
Gastrointestinal (GI) System Defenses Ans✓✓✓-saliva contains
protective enzymes
-stomach: HCl destroys most microbes
-gag reflex/vomiting rids of injurious agents
-bowels (good gut flora and defecation)
, Normal bowel are referred to as "good flora" because Ans✓✓✓they are
microbes that live in harmony with us by keeping out malicious
microbes by competing for food in the gut
Defecation Ans✓✓✓gets rid of injurious agents such as harmful bacteria
Stressors that can breach the Gastrointestinal (GI) System Ans✓✓✓-
Sjorgren's: dry up saliva=less protection in mouth
-anything that changes bowel flora (ex: antibiotics)
Genitourinary System Defenses Ans✓✓✓-flow of urine washes away
microbes
-vaginal secretions slightly acidic-kills bacteria
Stressors that can breach the Genitourinary System (GU) Defenses
Ans✓✓✓-decreased urine flow (ex: kidney stones/failure)
-anything changing vaginal acidity such as douching
Expected manifestations of 2nd Line of Defense Ans✓✓✓Swelling,
Heat, Erythema, and Pain (SHEP)
Because inflammation is an uncomfortable process it is often mistakenly
though of as Ans✓✓✓an abnormal state
