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MMSC490 Exam 2 Questions and Correct Answers/ Latest Update / Already Graded

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During E. coli DNA replication, all newly synthesized or nascent DNA fragments must have one of the following characteristics a. a 5' hydroxyl and 3' triphosphate b. a 5' triphosphate and 3' monophosphate c. 5' monophosphate and 3' hydroxyl d. 5' triphosphate and 3' hydroxyl Ans: d. 5' triphosphate and 3' hydroxyl Among the 3 DNA polymerases in E. coli, DNA polymerases I and III differ in a number of properties that make DNA polymerase III a more suitable enzyme for chromosomal DNA synthesis. Which of the following is an important difference between the 2: a. DNA polymerase I does not require DNA template b. they require different sets of deoxynucleotides c. they differ in processivity d. DNA polymerase I is involved only in DNA repair Ans: c. they differ in processivity All rights reserved © 2025/ 2026 | Page | 2 DNA replication requires the presence of a suitable template and a free 3'-OH end. this end may be generated by a. binding of terminal nucleotide-carrying protein to 3' end of the template b. Syntheses of an RNA primer at origin or at Okazaki fragment start points c. nicking of one strand of the duplex DNA followed by strand displacement d. Loop formation at the 3' end (self-priming) e. all of the above Ans: e. all of the above Although E. coli DNA polymerase I is not a chromosomal DNA replicase, it participates in DNA replication. What is its function? a. synthesizes Okazaki fragments b. replaces RNA primer with DNA c. unwinds the double helix d. synthesizes an RNA primer e. connects 3' end of one okazaki fragment with the 5' end of another Ans: b. replaces RNA primer with DNA All rights reserved © 2025/ 2026 | Page | 3 In a replication fork, how do leading and lagging strands differ? a. lagging strand is subject to more error and requires more repair b. lagging stand new DNA is synthesized 3' to 5' c. each strand is replicated by a unique type of polymerase d. lagging strand is replicated discontinuously e. DNA polymerase proceeds more slowly on lagging strand Ans: d. lagging strand is replicated discontinuously In bacteria, mRNAs are... a. completely transcribed first then translated completely before being degraded b. transcribed and translated simultaneously c. completely transcribed first, then translated and degraded simultaneously d. transcribed, translated and degraded in different parts of cell e. transcribed and translated simultaneously, then later degraded Ans: b. transcribed and translated simultaneously Combined sizes of prokaryotic and eukaryotic ribosomes are... a. the same

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mmsc490 exam 2 questions and correct answers lat

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MMSC490 Exam 2 Questions and Correct
Answers/ Latest Update / Already Graded
Aminoacyl tRNA synthetases are enzymes that

connect amino acids while they are held in place on ribosomes by
transfer RNAs.

attach the terminal CCA sequence to transfer RNAs.

synthesize transfer RNAs.

attach amino acids to specific transfer RNAs.

Ans: attach amino acids to specific transfer RNAs.

E. coli contains about .................... different tRNAs that code for
.................... different amino acids.

40; 20

50; 20

62; 40

62; 20

Ans: 40; 20

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Which of the following is not a common lipid modification to proteins?

Prenylation

GPI anchor addition

Glycosylation

N-myristoylation

Ans: Glycosylation

The formation of peptide bonds is catalyzed by which portion of the
bacterial ribosome?

Proteins of the large subunit

16S rRNA

23S rRNA

Proteins of the small subunit

Ans: 23S rRNA

In translation, mRNAs are read in the .................... direction, and
polypeptide chains are synthesized from the .................... ends.

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, Page |3

5ʹ to 3ʹ; amino to the carboxyl

5ʹ to 3ʹ; carboxyl to the amino

3ʹ to 5ʹ; carboxyl to the amino

3ʹ to 5ʹ; amino to the carboxyl

Ans: 5ʹ to 3ʹ; amino to the carboxyl

During translation, the codons on the mRNA are recognized by
complementary base pairing to the anticodon on the

ribosome.

transfer RNA.

small cytoplasmic RNA.

aminoacyl tRNA synthetase.

Ans: transfer RNA.

Translation of mRNAs starts at

the 3ʹ end of the mRNA.

a site downstream of a 3ʹ untranslated region.

a site downstream of a 5ʹ untranslated region.

All rights reserved © 2025/ 2026 |

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the 5ʹ end of the mRNA.

Ans: a site downstream of a 5ʹ untranslated region.

Eukaryotic ribosomes recognize and initially bind to what structure on
the mRNA?

A TATA sequence

A CCAAT sequence

The 7-methylguanosine cap

A Shine-Dalgarno sequence

Ans: The 7-methylguanosine cap

The first step in the initiation of protein synthesis is the binding of
.................... to the .................... .

the initiator tRNA; initiation codon

initiation factors; initiation codon

initiation factors; small ribosomal subunit

the small ribosomal subunit; initiation codon

Ans: initiation factors; small ribosomal subunit

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