AND ANSWERS | 2025/2026 UPDATE | WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTION
how many essential vitamins? Answer - 13
essential fat soluble vitamins Answer - A, D, E, K
essential water soluble vitamins Answer - B vitamins
vitamin C
how many B vitamins? Answer - 8
biotin Answer - B7
Pantothenic Acid Answer - B5
thiamin Answer - B1
riboflavin Answer - Vitamin B2
niacin Answer - B3
,pyridoxine Answer - Vitamin B6
folate Answer - B9
cobalamin Answer - Vitamin B12
depression is caused by: Answer - social isolation
abx use
autoimmune disease
arthritis
prediabetes
vitamin D deficiency
low thyroid
omega 3 FA
triad of life Answer - genes
environment
phenotype
antecedents Answer - experiences, past illness,occupational exposure,
nutrition, lifestyle
Congenital Demographic Dietary Habitual Environmental Occupational Learned
Traumatic Disease-induced Drug-induced
triggers Answer - microbes, allergens, trauma, toxins, etc.
Trauma Microbes Antigens Environmental Toxins Radiation Social Interactions
Memories Diverse Sensory Stimuli
,mediators Answer - cytokines, prostanoids, nitric oxide, kinins, hormones,
neurotransmitters, free radicals Hormones, Cytokines, etc. Ions ROS
Metabolites Thoughts Beliefs Social Reinforcement Classical Conditioning
Exposome Answer - How internal metabolic factors and environment
influences on our gene expression
epigenetics Answer - the study of environmental influences on gene
expression that occur without a DNA change
How our environment shapes our structure and function
GoToIt Answer - gather
organize
tell
order
initiate
track
ABCDs of functional nutritional evaluation Answer - Anthropometrics and vital
signs
Biomarkers & Labs
Clinical Indicators (from The Nutrition Physical Exam)
Diet and Lifestyle Assessment
PFCMVP Answer - protein, fats and oils, carbs, minerals, vitamins,
phytonutrients
, DIGIN Answer - Digestion / Absorption
Intestinal Permeability
Gut microbiota/dysbiosis
Immune Modulation/Inflammation
Nervous system
the 5Rs Answer - •Remove
•Replace
•Reinoculate
•Repair
•Rebalance
cholecystokinin Answer - a hormone that is secreted by cells in the duodenum
and stimulates the release of bile into the intestine and the secretion of
enzymes by the pancreas
Impairments in Digestion and Absorption Answer - •Inadequate mastication
•Hypochlorhydria
•Pancreatic insufficiency
•Bile insufficiency
•Brush Border Injury
what percentage of the immune system is in the gut? Answer - 70% of immune
system is in the gut