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FINAL EXAM - NUR 325 QUESTIONS WITH
DETAILED VERIFIED ANSWERS
gas exchange Ans: the process by which oxygen is transported to cells
and carbon dioxide is transported out of cells
COPD Ans: -condition that causes changes or collapses the alveoli
-airflow limitation that is not fully reversible by the loss of elastic recoil
and airflow obstruction due to hyper secretion of mucus, bronchospasm,
and mucosal edema
impairment of gas exchange occurs because Ans: -ineffective ventilation
-reduced capacity for gas transportation
-inadequate perfusion
Ventilation, transport and perfusion Ans: -starts with getting air into the
lungs, availability of hemoglobin for oxygen, and movement of the blood
-its a well oiled machine, if you have one thing wrong, they all shut
down.
Consequences of impaired gas exchange: Mild impairment Ans: fatigue,
increase in HR and RR
Consequences of impaired gas exchange: more severe Ans: respiratory
acidosis
consequence of impaired gas exchange: prolonged Ans: cellular
ischemia and necrosis death
PAD vs PVD Ans: -Arterial: having a hard time getting the blood to
where you want it (see necrotic/black)
-Venous: cant get the blood back to the heart
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(see edema)
population risk factors for impaired gas exchange: Infants Ans: they
have fetal hemoglobin, their RBC dies quicker and they do not have the
ability to transfer oxygen on the hemoglobin (anemia at 3 months)
population risk factors for impaired gas exchange: children Ans: less
alveoli surface where the gas exchange can occur, narrowing at the
branching of the peripheral airways (choke)
population risk factors for impaired gas exchange: older adults Ans: -
physiological changes when we age
-chronic illness, stiffening of the chest, loss of chest muscles, loss of
recoil and elasticity
Nursing interventions done to increase perfusion Ans: -compression
devices (venous return)
-mobility of pt
-cessation of smoking
-diet (heart healthy diet; less cholesterol)
Individual risk factors for impaired gas exchange Ans: -age (older adults
it is harder to breathe)
-smoking (vasoconstriction of vessels)
-presence of COPD, HF, Cystic fibrosis
-immunosuppression
-reduced state of cognition/brain injury (increased risk for aspiration)
-prolonged immobility (DVT)
Oxygen delivery devices Ans: -nasal cannula
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-simple face mask (short term)
-partial/non-rebreather mask (short term)
-venturi mask (precise high flow)
-high flow nasal cannula
Signs and Symptoms of impaired perfusion Ans: -discoloration of skin
(pale/dark)
-clubbing
-edema
-persistent ulcers
-poor wound healing
-low energy level
when an individual has compromised gas exchange Ans: -history
(family, current meds, lifestyle behaviors, occupation, social
environment)
-examination (low O2, high RR, increased HR, more prone to high BP)
-inspection (breathing effort, color, thorax 2:1?, extremities)
-auscultation: ronchi, crackles, heartbeat sounds far away
Impaired gas exchange examination findings Ans: -venous distention,
restlessness, pallor, poor skin turgor, easy bruising, peripheral edema,
use of accessory muscles, edema
Primary prevention for optimizing gas exchange Ans: -infection
(standard precautions)
-smoking cessation
FINAL EXAM - NUR 325 QUESTIONS WITH
DETAILED VERIFIED ANSWERS
gas exchange Ans: the process by which oxygen is transported to cells
and carbon dioxide is transported out of cells
COPD Ans: -condition that causes changes or collapses the alveoli
-airflow limitation that is not fully reversible by the loss of elastic recoil
and airflow obstruction due to hyper secretion of mucus, bronchospasm,
and mucosal edema
impairment of gas exchange occurs because Ans: -ineffective ventilation
-reduced capacity for gas transportation
-inadequate perfusion
Ventilation, transport and perfusion Ans: -starts with getting air into the
lungs, availability of hemoglobin for oxygen, and movement of the blood
-its a well oiled machine, if you have one thing wrong, they all shut
down.
Consequences of impaired gas exchange: Mild impairment Ans: fatigue,
increase in HR and RR
Consequences of impaired gas exchange: more severe Ans: respiratory
acidosis
consequence of impaired gas exchange: prolonged Ans: cellular
ischemia and necrosis death
PAD vs PVD Ans: -Arterial: having a hard time getting the blood to
where you want it (see necrotic/black)
-Venous: cant get the blood back to the heart
, Page | 2
(see edema)
population risk factors for impaired gas exchange: Infants Ans: they
have fetal hemoglobin, their RBC dies quicker and they do not have the
ability to transfer oxygen on the hemoglobin (anemia at 3 months)
population risk factors for impaired gas exchange: children Ans: less
alveoli surface where the gas exchange can occur, narrowing at the
branching of the peripheral airways (choke)
population risk factors for impaired gas exchange: older adults Ans: -
physiological changes when we age
-chronic illness, stiffening of the chest, loss of chest muscles, loss of
recoil and elasticity
Nursing interventions done to increase perfusion Ans: -compression
devices (venous return)
-mobility of pt
-cessation of smoking
-diet (heart healthy diet; less cholesterol)
Individual risk factors for impaired gas exchange Ans: -age (older adults
it is harder to breathe)
-smoking (vasoconstriction of vessels)
-presence of COPD, HF, Cystic fibrosis
-immunosuppression
-reduced state of cognition/brain injury (increased risk for aspiration)
-prolonged immobility (DVT)
Oxygen delivery devices Ans: -nasal cannula
, Page | 3
-simple face mask (short term)
-partial/non-rebreather mask (short term)
-venturi mask (precise high flow)
-high flow nasal cannula
Signs and Symptoms of impaired perfusion Ans: -discoloration of skin
(pale/dark)
-clubbing
-edema
-persistent ulcers
-poor wound healing
-low energy level
when an individual has compromised gas exchange Ans: -history
(family, current meds, lifestyle behaviors, occupation, social
environment)
-examination (low O2, high RR, increased HR, more prone to high BP)
-inspection (breathing effort, color, thorax 2:1?, extremities)
-auscultation: ronchi, crackles, heartbeat sounds far away
Impaired gas exchange examination findings Ans: -venous distention,
restlessness, pallor, poor skin turgor, easy bruising, peripheral edema,
use of accessory muscles, edema
Primary prevention for optimizing gas exchange Ans: -infection
(standard precautions)
-smoking cessation
