Computer Science (2024-25)
CLASS XII Code No. 083
Unit wise Syllabus
Unit 1: Computational Thinking and Programming – 2
● Revision of Python topics covered in Class XI.
● Functions: types of function (built-in functions, functions defined in module, user defined functions),
creating user defined function, arguments and parameters, default parameters, positional parameters,
function returning value(s), flow of execution, scope of a variable (global scope, local scope)
● Exception Handling: Introduction, handling exceptions using try-except-finally blocks
● Introduction to files, types of files (Text file, Binary file, CSV file), relative and absolute paths
● Text file: opening a text file, text file open modes (r, r+, w, w+, a, a+), closing a text file, opening a file
using with clause, writing/appending data to a text file using write() and writelines(), reading from a text
file using read(), readline() and readlines(), seek and tell methods, manipulation of data in a text file
● Binary file: basic operations on a binary file: open using file open modes (rb, rb+, wb, wb+, ab, ab+), close
a binary file, import pickle module, dump() and load() method, read, write/create, search, append and
update operations in a binary file
● CSV file: import csv module, open / close csv file, write into a csv file using writer(),writerow(),writerows()
and read from a csv file using reader()
● Data Structure: Stack, operations on stack (push & pop), implementation of stack using list.
Unit 2: Computer Networks
● Evolution of networking: introduction to computer networks, evolution of networking
(ARPANET, NSFNET, INTERNET)
● Data communication terminologies: concept of communication, components of data communication
(sender,receiver, message, communication media, protocols), measuring capacity of communication
media (bandwidth, data transfer rate), IP address, switching techniques (Circuit switching, Packet
switching)
● Transmission media: Wired communication media (Twisted pair cable, Co-axial cable, Fiber-optic cable),
Wireless media (Radio waves, Micro waves, Infrared waves)
● Network devices (Modem, Ethernet card, RJ45, Repeater, Hub, Switch, Router, Gateway, WIFI card)
● Network topologies and Network types: types of networks (PAN, LAN, MAN, WAN), networking
topologies (Bus, Star, Tree)
● Network protocol: HTTP, FTP, PPP, SMTP, TCP/IP, POP3, HTTPS, TELNET, VoIP
● Introduction to web services: WWW, Hyper Text Markup Language (HTML), Extensible Markup Language
(XML), domain names, URL, website, web browser, web servers, web hosting.
Unit 3: Database Management
● Database concepts: introduction to database concepts and its need
● Relational data model: relation, attribute, tuple, domain, degree, cardinality, keys
(candidate key, primary key, alternate key, foreign key)
● Structured Query Language: introduction, Data Definition Language and Data Manipulation Language,
data type (char(n), varchar(n), int, float, date), constraints (not null, unique, primary key), create
database, use database, show databases, drop database, show tables, create table, describe table, alter
table (add and remove an attribute, add and remove primary key), drop table, insert, delete, select,
operators (mathematical, relational and logical), aliasing, distinct clause, where clause, in, between,
order by, meaning of null, is null, is not null, like, update command, delete command, aggregate
functions (max, min, avg, sum, count), group by, having clause, joins: cartesian product on two tables,
equi-join and natural join
● Interface of python with an SQL database: connecting SQL with Python, performing insert, update,
delete queries using cursor, display data by using connect(), cursor(), execute(), commit(), fetchone(),
fetchall(), rowcount, creating database connectivity applications, use of %s format specifier or format()
to perform queries
4
, Distribution of Marks
Periods
Unit No. Unit Name Marks
Theory Practical
1 Computer Systems and Organisation 10 10 10
Computational Thinking and Programming
2 45 80 60
-1
3 Society, Law, and Ethics 15 20 —
Total 70 110 70
PYTHON REVISION TOUR
ABOUT PYTHON:
1. Python is a high-level programming language developed by Guido Van Rossum. The language was
re e ed in Febru ry 1991 nd got it n me from BB comedy erie “Monty Python’ F ying
ircu ”.
2. It is an interpreted and platform independent language i.e. the same code can run on any operating
system.
3. It can be used to follow both procedural and object-oriented approaches to programming.
4. It is free to use and based on two programming languages: ABC language and Modula-3.
BASIC TERMS USED IN PYTHON:
1. Token / Lexical Unit: The smallest individual unit in a python program is known as Token or Lexical
Unit. A token has a specific meaning for a python interpreter. Examples of tokens are: Keywords,
Identifiers, Literals, Operators and Punctuators.
5
,2. Keywords: Keywords are the reserved words and have special meaning for Python Interpreters.
Each keyword can be used only for that purpose which it has been assigned. Examples: and, while, del,
with, True, None, False, return, try etc.
3. Identifiers: These are the names given to variables, objects, classes or functions etc. there are some
predefined rules for forming identifiers which should be followed else the program will raise Syntax
Error.
4. Literals: The data items that have a fixed value are called Literals. If a data item holds numeric
values it will be known as Numeric Literal, if it contains String values it will be known as String Literal
and so on. It means the type of value stored by the data item will decide the type of Literal. Python has
one special literal which is None to indicate absence of value.
5. Operators: These are the symbols that perform specific operations on some variables. Operators
operate on operands. Some operators require two operands and some require only one operand to
operate. The operator precedence in Python is as follows:
NOTE: When we compare two variables pointing to same value, then both Equality (==) and identity
(is) will return True. But when same value is assigned to different objects, then == operator will return
True and is operator will return False.
6. Punctuators: These are the symbols that are used to organize sentence structure in programming
ngu ge . ommon punctu tor re ‘ ‘’ # $ @ [] {} = ; () , .
7. Variables: In Python, variables are not storage containers like other programming languages. These
are the temporary memory locations used to store values which will be used in the program further.
Each time we assign a new value to a variable it will point to a new memory location where the
assigned value is stored. In Python we do not specify the size and type of variable, besides these are
decided as per the value we assign to that variable.
8. Data Type: It specifies the type of data we will store in the variable according to which memory will
be allocated to that variable and it will also specify the type of operations that can be performed on
that variable. Examples: integer, string, float, list etc.
6
, 9. Dynamic Typing: It means that it will be decided at the run time that which type of value the
variable will store. It is also called implicit conversion. For example,
Here, we need not to specify the type of value a will store besides we can assign any type of value to a
directly. Similarly, the data type of c will be decided at run time on the basis of value of a and b.
10. Type Casting: In Type casting, the data type conversion of a variable is done explicitly by using
some built-in functions. Here, we can say that we force the variable by applying a built-in function to
change the data type and it is not done at run time. Some common type casting functions are int(),
float(), str(), list(), tuple(), dict() etc.
DATA TYPES IN PYTHON:
Data types are classified in two basic categories: Mutable data types and Immutable data types.
Mutable data types are those data types whose value can be changed without creating a new object. It
means mutable data types hold a specific memory location and changes are made directly to that
memory location. Immutable data types are those data types whose value cannot be changed after
they are created. It means that if we make any change in the immutable data object then it will be
assigned a new memory location.
1. In Numeric data types, Integers allow storing whole numbers only which can be positive or negative.
Floating point numbers are used for storing numbers having fractional parts like temperature, area etc.
In Python, Floating point numbers represent double precision i.e. 15-digit precision. Complex numbers
are stored in python in the form of A + Bj where A is the real part and B is the imaginary part of
complex numbers.
7
CLASS XII Code No. 083
Unit wise Syllabus
Unit 1: Computational Thinking and Programming – 2
● Revision of Python topics covered in Class XI.
● Functions: types of function (built-in functions, functions defined in module, user defined functions),
creating user defined function, arguments and parameters, default parameters, positional parameters,
function returning value(s), flow of execution, scope of a variable (global scope, local scope)
● Exception Handling: Introduction, handling exceptions using try-except-finally blocks
● Introduction to files, types of files (Text file, Binary file, CSV file), relative and absolute paths
● Text file: opening a text file, text file open modes (r, r+, w, w+, a, a+), closing a text file, opening a file
using with clause, writing/appending data to a text file using write() and writelines(), reading from a text
file using read(), readline() and readlines(), seek and tell methods, manipulation of data in a text file
● Binary file: basic operations on a binary file: open using file open modes (rb, rb+, wb, wb+, ab, ab+), close
a binary file, import pickle module, dump() and load() method, read, write/create, search, append and
update operations in a binary file
● CSV file: import csv module, open / close csv file, write into a csv file using writer(),writerow(),writerows()
and read from a csv file using reader()
● Data Structure: Stack, operations on stack (push & pop), implementation of stack using list.
Unit 2: Computer Networks
● Evolution of networking: introduction to computer networks, evolution of networking
(ARPANET, NSFNET, INTERNET)
● Data communication terminologies: concept of communication, components of data communication
(sender,receiver, message, communication media, protocols), measuring capacity of communication
media (bandwidth, data transfer rate), IP address, switching techniques (Circuit switching, Packet
switching)
● Transmission media: Wired communication media (Twisted pair cable, Co-axial cable, Fiber-optic cable),
Wireless media (Radio waves, Micro waves, Infrared waves)
● Network devices (Modem, Ethernet card, RJ45, Repeater, Hub, Switch, Router, Gateway, WIFI card)
● Network topologies and Network types: types of networks (PAN, LAN, MAN, WAN), networking
topologies (Bus, Star, Tree)
● Network protocol: HTTP, FTP, PPP, SMTP, TCP/IP, POP3, HTTPS, TELNET, VoIP
● Introduction to web services: WWW, Hyper Text Markup Language (HTML), Extensible Markup Language
(XML), domain names, URL, website, web browser, web servers, web hosting.
Unit 3: Database Management
● Database concepts: introduction to database concepts and its need
● Relational data model: relation, attribute, tuple, domain, degree, cardinality, keys
(candidate key, primary key, alternate key, foreign key)
● Structured Query Language: introduction, Data Definition Language and Data Manipulation Language,
data type (char(n), varchar(n), int, float, date), constraints (not null, unique, primary key), create
database, use database, show databases, drop database, show tables, create table, describe table, alter
table (add and remove an attribute, add and remove primary key), drop table, insert, delete, select,
operators (mathematical, relational and logical), aliasing, distinct clause, where clause, in, between,
order by, meaning of null, is null, is not null, like, update command, delete command, aggregate
functions (max, min, avg, sum, count), group by, having clause, joins: cartesian product on two tables,
equi-join and natural join
● Interface of python with an SQL database: connecting SQL with Python, performing insert, update,
delete queries using cursor, display data by using connect(), cursor(), execute(), commit(), fetchone(),
fetchall(), rowcount, creating database connectivity applications, use of %s format specifier or format()
to perform queries
4
, Distribution of Marks
Periods
Unit No. Unit Name Marks
Theory Practical
1 Computer Systems and Organisation 10 10 10
Computational Thinking and Programming
2 45 80 60
-1
3 Society, Law, and Ethics 15 20 —
Total 70 110 70
PYTHON REVISION TOUR
ABOUT PYTHON:
1. Python is a high-level programming language developed by Guido Van Rossum. The language was
re e ed in Febru ry 1991 nd got it n me from BB comedy erie “Monty Python’ F ying
ircu ”.
2. It is an interpreted and platform independent language i.e. the same code can run on any operating
system.
3. It can be used to follow both procedural and object-oriented approaches to programming.
4. It is free to use and based on two programming languages: ABC language and Modula-3.
BASIC TERMS USED IN PYTHON:
1. Token / Lexical Unit: The smallest individual unit in a python program is known as Token or Lexical
Unit. A token has a specific meaning for a python interpreter. Examples of tokens are: Keywords,
Identifiers, Literals, Operators and Punctuators.
5
,2. Keywords: Keywords are the reserved words and have special meaning for Python Interpreters.
Each keyword can be used only for that purpose which it has been assigned. Examples: and, while, del,
with, True, None, False, return, try etc.
3. Identifiers: These are the names given to variables, objects, classes or functions etc. there are some
predefined rules for forming identifiers which should be followed else the program will raise Syntax
Error.
4. Literals: The data items that have a fixed value are called Literals. If a data item holds numeric
values it will be known as Numeric Literal, if it contains String values it will be known as String Literal
and so on. It means the type of value stored by the data item will decide the type of Literal. Python has
one special literal which is None to indicate absence of value.
5. Operators: These are the symbols that perform specific operations on some variables. Operators
operate on operands. Some operators require two operands and some require only one operand to
operate. The operator precedence in Python is as follows:
NOTE: When we compare two variables pointing to same value, then both Equality (==) and identity
(is) will return True. But when same value is assigned to different objects, then == operator will return
True and is operator will return False.
6. Punctuators: These are the symbols that are used to organize sentence structure in programming
ngu ge . ommon punctu tor re ‘ ‘’ # $ @ [] {} = ; () , .
7. Variables: In Python, variables are not storage containers like other programming languages. These
are the temporary memory locations used to store values which will be used in the program further.
Each time we assign a new value to a variable it will point to a new memory location where the
assigned value is stored. In Python we do not specify the size and type of variable, besides these are
decided as per the value we assign to that variable.
8. Data Type: It specifies the type of data we will store in the variable according to which memory will
be allocated to that variable and it will also specify the type of operations that can be performed on
that variable. Examples: integer, string, float, list etc.
6
, 9. Dynamic Typing: It means that it will be decided at the run time that which type of value the
variable will store. It is also called implicit conversion. For example,
Here, we need not to specify the type of value a will store besides we can assign any type of value to a
directly. Similarly, the data type of c will be decided at run time on the basis of value of a and b.
10. Type Casting: In Type casting, the data type conversion of a variable is done explicitly by using
some built-in functions. Here, we can say that we force the variable by applying a built-in function to
change the data type and it is not done at run time. Some common type casting functions are int(),
float(), str(), list(), tuple(), dict() etc.
DATA TYPES IN PYTHON:
Data types are classified in two basic categories: Mutable data types and Immutable data types.
Mutable data types are those data types whose value can be changed without creating a new object. It
means mutable data types hold a specific memory location and changes are made directly to that
memory location. Immutable data types are those data types whose value cannot be changed after
they are created. It means that if we make any change in the immutable data object then it will be
assigned a new memory location.
1. In Numeric data types, Integers allow storing whole numbers only which can be positive or negative.
Floating point numbers are used for storing numbers having fractional parts like temperature, area etc.
In Python, Floating point numbers represent double precision i.e. 15-digit precision. Complex numbers
are stored in python in the form of A + Bj where A is the real part and B is the imaginary part of
complex numbers.
7
