Pathophysiology KC Module 11

Scenario 1: Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) Question 1 of 2: What is ALL? ALL is an aggressive fast-growing leukemia with too many lymphoblasts or immature white blood cells in the blood and bone marrow. Leukemia occurs with varying frequencies at different ages but ALL accounts for a majority of all new cases of leukemia in children. Question 2 of 2: How does renal failure occur in some patients with ALL? Renal failure is one possible complication of acute leukemia especially in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Renal failure can occur in patients with ALL as a manifestation of the disease process such as acute kidney injury with infiltration or with a paraneoplastic glomerular disease. It can also occur as a manifestation of extra renal obstruction and tumor lysis syndrome. Scenario 2: Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) Question 1 of 2: What is the pathophysiology of acute SCD crisis and why is pain the predominate feature of acute crises? Sickle cell anemia is an inherited autosomal recessive disorder of the blood caused by abnormal hemoglobin that distorts