POLS 207 Exam Latest Updated Rated
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National government responsibilities - Answer- Conducts foreign policy, regulates
commerce, and provides for the common defense
State government responsibilities - Answer- State law, state infrastructure (roads,
highways, etc.) , implement federal mandates
Local government responsibilities - Answer- City laws, local elections, appointing local
officials and employees
What is policy conservatism? - Answer- A state's tendency to limit the welfare benefits,
deregulate business, keep taxes low, and generally place less reliance on government
and more reliance on individuals and the marketplace to achieve social goals
What is policy liberalism? - Answer- A state's tendency to expand welfare benefits,
regulate business, adopt progressive state income taxes, and generally use government
to achieve social change
Define federalism - Answer- The sharing of power between the state and national
government
Define unitary government - Answer- Central government has all the power
Define confederation - Answer- A form of government in which power is decentralized
Why are states called "laboratories of democracy?" - Answer- The states are called
"laboratories of democracy" because they allow the public to experiment with different
policies and see which are best.
What is nullification? - Answer- a legal theory that a state has the right to nullify, or
invalidate, any federal law which that state has deemed unconstitutional.
What are enumerated or delegated powers? - Answer- Powers specifically mentioned in
the Constitution as belonging to the national government.
What are implied powers? - Answer- Powers given to Congress that aren't in the
constitution. Gives Congress the power to do whatever is 'necessary & proper' to carry
out expressed powers
What is the 10th amendment? - Answer- The powers not delegated to the United States
by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States
respectively, or to the people.
, Marbury v. Madison (1803) - Answer- Established judicial review
McCulloh v. Maryland (1819) - Answer- the Supreme Court upheld the power of the
national government and denied the right of a state to tax the federal bank, using the
Constitution's supremacy clause. The Court's broad interpretation of the necessary and
proper act clause paved the way for later rulings upholding expansive federal powers.
Why are federal grants-in-aid important? - Answer- It's the cornerstone of the
relationship between national and state governments. Money between governments.
Categorical grants: money with strings attached, must be spent on certain things.
Block grants: money without strings attached.
Most grant in aid is heath and human services.
What are mandates? - Answer- Mandates direct states or local governments to comply
with federal rules under threat of penalties or as a condition of receipt of a federal grant.
What is usually contained in a state constitution? - Answer- Bill of rights, establishment
of an executive branch, state legislature, state courts including a supreme court, general
governmental framework for what each branch is supposed to do.
What is constitutionalism? - Answer- Limited government
The idea that the powers of government should be limited by a constitution
A government of laws not of people.
Why are state constitutions long? - Answer- State constitutions are easier to amend.
Because of this, state constitutions are amended and added on to fairly often. The US
constitution is more of a framework of basic ideas, and it does not get into specifics. The
specifics come into play in the case of state constitutions which explains why they are
generally so much longer.
From where do local governments derive their power? - Answer- Soley from the 10th
amendment. They are not mentioned in the constitution.
How do most states amend their constitution? - Answer- Legislative proposal- most
common
Popular initiative
Constitutional convention
Constitutional revision commissions.
Define moralistic political culture - Answer- Believe in the common betterment of all its
members with expected widespread participation
Define individualistic political culture - Answer- Based on the goals, aspirations and
initiatives of private groups or people
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National government responsibilities - Answer- Conducts foreign policy, regulates
commerce, and provides for the common defense
State government responsibilities - Answer- State law, state infrastructure (roads,
highways, etc.) , implement federal mandates
Local government responsibilities - Answer- City laws, local elections, appointing local
officials and employees
What is policy conservatism? - Answer- A state's tendency to limit the welfare benefits,
deregulate business, keep taxes low, and generally place less reliance on government
and more reliance on individuals and the marketplace to achieve social goals
What is policy liberalism? - Answer- A state's tendency to expand welfare benefits,
regulate business, adopt progressive state income taxes, and generally use government
to achieve social change
Define federalism - Answer- The sharing of power between the state and national
government
Define unitary government - Answer- Central government has all the power
Define confederation - Answer- A form of government in which power is decentralized
Why are states called "laboratories of democracy?" - Answer- The states are called
"laboratories of democracy" because they allow the public to experiment with different
policies and see which are best.
What is nullification? - Answer- a legal theory that a state has the right to nullify, or
invalidate, any federal law which that state has deemed unconstitutional.
What are enumerated or delegated powers? - Answer- Powers specifically mentioned in
the Constitution as belonging to the national government.
What are implied powers? - Answer- Powers given to Congress that aren't in the
constitution. Gives Congress the power to do whatever is 'necessary & proper' to carry
out expressed powers
What is the 10th amendment? - Answer- The powers not delegated to the United States
by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States
respectively, or to the people.
, Marbury v. Madison (1803) - Answer- Established judicial review
McCulloh v. Maryland (1819) - Answer- the Supreme Court upheld the power of the
national government and denied the right of a state to tax the federal bank, using the
Constitution's supremacy clause. The Court's broad interpretation of the necessary and
proper act clause paved the way for later rulings upholding expansive federal powers.
Why are federal grants-in-aid important? - Answer- It's the cornerstone of the
relationship between national and state governments. Money between governments.
Categorical grants: money with strings attached, must be spent on certain things.
Block grants: money without strings attached.
Most grant in aid is heath and human services.
What are mandates? - Answer- Mandates direct states or local governments to comply
with federal rules under threat of penalties or as a condition of receipt of a federal grant.
What is usually contained in a state constitution? - Answer- Bill of rights, establishment
of an executive branch, state legislature, state courts including a supreme court, general
governmental framework for what each branch is supposed to do.
What is constitutionalism? - Answer- Limited government
The idea that the powers of government should be limited by a constitution
A government of laws not of people.
Why are state constitutions long? - Answer- State constitutions are easier to amend.
Because of this, state constitutions are amended and added on to fairly often. The US
constitution is more of a framework of basic ideas, and it does not get into specifics. The
specifics come into play in the case of state constitutions which explains why they are
generally so much longer.
From where do local governments derive their power? - Answer- Soley from the 10th
amendment. They are not mentioned in the constitution.
How do most states amend their constitution? - Answer- Legislative proposal- most
common
Popular initiative
Constitutional convention
Constitutional revision commissions.
Define moralistic political culture - Answer- Believe in the common betterment of all its
members with expected widespread participation
Define individualistic political culture - Answer- Based on the goals, aspirations and
initiatives of private groups or people
