NUR101 FINAL EXAM REVIEW QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS | 100% PASS (A+ CERTIFIE

NUR101 FINAL EXAM REVIEW QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS | 100% PASS (A+ CERTIFIE 1. Adverse Event Correct Answer Unitended harm caused by an error rather than as a result of disease process. 2. Near Miss Correct Answer Error that could have harmed a patient, but harm did not occur as a result of chance. 3. Sentinel Event Correct Answer Unexpected occurrence involving death or serious injury. 4. 6 QSEN competencies Correct Answer 1. Patient-centered care: Involving the patient in the care plan. 2. Safety: Keeping yourself and the patient safe. 3. Informatics: Not relying on technology. 4. Teamwork and Collaboration: Working together. 5. Evidence-Based Practice: Care based on evidence. 6. Quality: The highest standard of care and safety. 5. What is the difference between the terms safety and quality related to health- care Correct Answer Safety focuses on avoiding negative outcomes and quality focuses on efficient, effective, and purposeful care in a timely manner. 6. The Joint Commission Correct Answer Nonprofit - Goal is to increase safety - NPSG: done yearly, facilities need to create processes to address problems. 7. Bioavailability of a drug Correct Answer The fraction of the unchanged drug reaching systemic circulation following administration by any route. (0%-100%) 8. Pharmacokinetics phases Correct Answer 1. Absorption: How the drug moves from the site of administration into the bloodstream. 2. Distribution: The movement of a drug once it is in the bloodstream. 3. Metabolism: The body using the drug and giving off a byproduct. 4. Excretion: Getting rid of the byproduct. 9. First-Pass Effect Correct Answer The initial metabolism in the liver of a drug absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract before the drug reaches systemic circulation through the bloodstream. It reduces the bioavailability of the drug to less than 100%. 10. Half-life Correct Answer The time required for half of an administered dose of a drug to be eliminated by the body, or the time it takes for the blood level of a drug to be reduced by 50%. (Elimination half-life) 11. Onset of Action Correct Answer The time required for a drug to elicit a therapeutic response after dosing. 12. Peak Effect Correct Answer The time required for a drug to reach its maximum therapeutic response in the body. 13. Duration of Action Correct Answer The length of time the concentration of a drug in the blood or tissues is sufficient to elicit a response. 14. Therapeutic Index Correct Answer The ratio between the toxic and therapeutic concentrations of a drug. 15. The Six Elements of the Infectious Process (Chain of Infection) Correct Answer 1. Pathogen: An infectious agent. 2. Reservoir: Anywhere the organism can grow and multiply. 3. Portal of Exit: How the organism gets out of the reservoir and goes somewhere else. 4. Mode of Transmission: How the organism is transmitted. 5. Portal of Entry: How the organism gets into the body. 6. Susceptible Host: Someone who is immunosuppressed. 16. Physiological Consequences of Infections Correct Answer Vascular: Fluid will leak out of the vessels from the inflammatory response. The heart will work harder so, HR will increase, and low fluid in the blood will cause hypotension. Nervous System: Blood vessels in the extremities constrict pushing blood to organs. Renal System: A decrease in blood flow to the kidneys can cause kidney failure. Compensate to keep up with blood flow to produce urine. Respiratory System: Breathing faster and harder so extremities don't become hypoxic. Fluid backs up in the lungs from the heart. Patients can become septic and in multi-system failure. 17. 1st Line of Defense Correct Answer Body Tissues: Skin: Largest organ of the body, acidic environment, sweat, and oil glands. Respiratory Tract: Mucus and coughing. GI Tract: Gastric acid, digestive juices, peristalsis, and normal flora. GU: Elimination, decreased pH of urine (acidic), and good output. 18. 2nd Line of Denfense Correct Answer Phagocytosis: WBCs: (leukocytes) engulf bacteria to rid the body. (Neutrophils) Inflammatory Response: Fever, swelling, pain, and redness. -Histamine release: fluid leaks into the tissues. -Increase in blood flow and oxygen to the site. -Formation of pus is the end response. 19. 3rd Line of Defense Correct Answer B and T cells are activated: B Cells: Memory Cells T Cells: Killer T Cells Antigen/Antibodies Response 20. Stages of Infection Correct Answer Incubation Stage: Begins with the entry of the pathogen into the host. This stage ends when the signs and symptoms of the infection begin to appear. Prodromal Stage: Begins with the onset of symptoms and is characterized with the replication and reproduction of the pathogen. S/S are malaise, joint and muscle aches/pains, anorexia, and HA. Illness Stage: The period that begins with the continuation of the S/S and continues until symptoms are no longer as serious as they were before. Convalescence Stage: The period of recovery during which time the symptoms disappear.