BIOLOGY 102 TEST QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS
What are endocrine glands? - Answer- no ducts, secrete hormone into the blood stream
or interstitial fluid.
What are exocrine glands? - Answer- secrete their products thought a duct or directly on
the surface
(sweat glands, gastric glands.)
What are pheromones? - Answer- not hormones.( they are not related with
homeostasis).
What are the two types of endocrine signaling? How do they function? - Answer- 1)
classical endocrine signaling 2) neuroendocrine signaling.
What happens at repolarization? - Answer- The voltage reaches the limit of +35Mv and
the voltage activated gates for Na+( sodium) close and K+(potassium) open and let out
potassium and further repolarize the cell- to attempt to reach its equilibrium.
What is membrane potential? - Answer- Voltage measure across the plasma
membrane.
what is the function of a neuron? - Answer- A neuron is the basic unit of structure and
functions in the nervous system. Its function is to conduct electrochemical impulses
What structure in the neuron receives signals? - Answer- Dendrites
What structure in the neuron sends signals? - Answer- The Terminals
What are the Nodes of Ranvier - Answer- are the gaps formed between the myelin
sheaths- where the current lands after jumping the myelin sheath.
What are the 2 action potential properties? - Answer- 1) all or none
2) self propagating
Oligodendrocyte - Answer- myelinate the axons of neurons in the CNS. Are able to
myelinate multiple ( upto 50 neurons).
, Astrocyte - Answer- Creates a Blood barrier. Makes tight junctions on cells or blood
vessels so that water can only go through the plasma membrane.
Myelination - Answer- electrically insulating layer. Myelin sheath. essential in
vertebrates. Helps speed up electircal signal.
Schwann cell - Answer- Myelinates axons of neuron in the Peripheral Nervous System
(PNS): it is only able to myelinate 1 neuron at a time.
Microglia - Answer- phagocytes in nerve tissue. help remove bacteria and debris. They
can influence inflammation.
How many different neurons are there and what is their function? - Answer- There are 3
types of neurons. 1) Sensory (Afferent) 2) Motor (efferent) 3) Interneuron (association).
1) Responsible of receiving information and passing the signal along.
2) Responsible for taking action and sending signal for movement.
3)
What is the measurement of resting potential? - Answer- -70Mv
Under normal conditions K+ goes in or out of the neuron's axon? - Answer- OUT
Under normal conditions Na+ goes in or out of the neuron's axon? - Answer- IN
what happens at resting state of a neuron - Answer- the Na+(sodium) and the
K+(potassium) voltage gates are closed @ -77Mv.
What happens at depolarization? - Answer- the stimulus reaches the treshhold level of -
55Mv and the Na+ voltage gated channels open. surrounding Na+ in the surrounding
area rush in and furhter depolarize making the neuron more and more positive.
What are ependymal cells? - Answer- epidydemus: line cavities of CNS, help produce
and circulate and cerebrospinal fluid.- make serve as neural stem cells.
What type of conduction does a myelinated axon give us? - Answer- Saltatory
conduction- faster
What type of conduction does an unmyelinated axon gives us? - Answer- Continuous
conduction- slow- more energy expense.
what are the components of the CNS? - Answer- Brain and Spinal Cord.
What are the components of the PNS? - Answer- Sensory receptors, afferent and
efferent neurons.
Definition: when you respond to stimulus is called what? - Answer- Neuro signaling.
AND ANSWERS
What are endocrine glands? - Answer- no ducts, secrete hormone into the blood stream
or interstitial fluid.
What are exocrine glands? - Answer- secrete their products thought a duct or directly on
the surface
(sweat glands, gastric glands.)
What are pheromones? - Answer- not hormones.( they are not related with
homeostasis).
What are the two types of endocrine signaling? How do they function? - Answer- 1)
classical endocrine signaling 2) neuroendocrine signaling.
What happens at repolarization? - Answer- The voltage reaches the limit of +35Mv and
the voltage activated gates for Na+( sodium) close and K+(potassium) open and let out
potassium and further repolarize the cell- to attempt to reach its equilibrium.
What is membrane potential? - Answer- Voltage measure across the plasma
membrane.
what is the function of a neuron? - Answer- A neuron is the basic unit of structure and
functions in the nervous system. Its function is to conduct electrochemical impulses
What structure in the neuron receives signals? - Answer- Dendrites
What structure in the neuron sends signals? - Answer- The Terminals
What are the Nodes of Ranvier - Answer- are the gaps formed between the myelin
sheaths- where the current lands after jumping the myelin sheath.
What are the 2 action potential properties? - Answer- 1) all or none
2) self propagating
Oligodendrocyte - Answer- myelinate the axons of neurons in the CNS. Are able to
myelinate multiple ( upto 50 neurons).
, Astrocyte - Answer- Creates a Blood barrier. Makes tight junctions on cells or blood
vessels so that water can only go through the plasma membrane.
Myelination - Answer- electrically insulating layer. Myelin sheath. essential in
vertebrates. Helps speed up electircal signal.
Schwann cell - Answer- Myelinates axons of neuron in the Peripheral Nervous System
(PNS): it is only able to myelinate 1 neuron at a time.
Microglia - Answer- phagocytes in nerve tissue. help remove bacteria and debris. They
can influence inflammation.
How many different neurons are there and what is their function? - Answer- There are 3
types of neurons. 1) Sensory (Afferent) 2) Motor (efferent) 3) Interneuron (association).
1) Responsible of receiving information and passing the signal along.
2) Responsible for taking action and sending signal for movement.
3)
What is the measurement of resting potential? - Answer- -70Mv
Under normal conditions K+ goes in or out of the neuron's axon? - Answer- OUT
Under normal conditions Na+ goes in or out of the neuron's axon? - Answer- IN
what happens at resting state of a neuron - Answer- the Na+(sodium) and the
K+(potassium) voltage gates are closed @ -77Mv.
What happens at depolarization? - Answer- the stimulus reaches the treshhold level of -
55Mv and the Na+ voltage gated channels open. surrounding Na+ in the surrounding
area rush in and furhter depolarize making the neuron more and more positive.
What are ependymal cells? - Answer- epidydemus: line cavities of CNS, help produce
and circulate and cerebrospinal fluid.- make serve as neural stem cells.
What type of conduction does a myelinated axon give us? - Answer- Saltatory
conduction- faster
What type of conduction does an unmyelinated axon gives us? - Answer- Continuous
conduction- slow- more energy expense.
what are the components of the CNS? - Answer- Brain and Spinal Cord.
What are the components of the PNS? - Answer- Sensory receptors, afferent and
efferent neurons.
Definition: when you respond to stimulus is called what? - Answer- Neuro signaling.
