ECC EXAM #1 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
5 things to consider when developing a fluid plan - Answer -Volume, Type, Route,
Rate, Reassess
3 things to consider when determining a fluid volume to give - Answer -restore
hydration, ongoing losses, maintenance requirements
Maintenance fluid rate in an adult horse - Answer -60 ml/kg/day
A horse is lethargic, has dry mucous membranes, an increased CRT, and decreased
urine output. What % dehydrated is he? - Answer -5-7% (mild)
A horse is lethargic, has dry mucous membranes, an increased CRT, and decreased
urine output. He also has a weak pulse, prolonged jugular filling, a skin tent, and
tachycardia. What % dehydrated is he? - Answer -8-10% (moderate)
A horse is lethargic, has dry mucous membranes, an increased CRT, and decreased
urine output. He also has a weak pulse, prolonged jugular filling, a skin tent, and
tachycardia. His extremeties are cold, he's depressed, and he has sunken eyes. He
may or may not be recumbent.
What % dehydrated is he? - Answer -10% + (severe)
Formula for replacement volume due to dehydration - Answer -BW (kg) x % dehydrated
= Volume (L)
A 500kg horse is 7% dehydrated. How much fluids do you need to give him? (for
dehydration only - do not consider ongoing losses/maintenance for this problem). -
Answer -35 L (500kg x .07 = 35L)
If you give hypertonic saline to help resuscitate, what do you need to do next? - Answer
-ALWAYS follow it with isotonic crystalloids.
What are the sites on a horse to administer IV fluids? (4) - Answer -Jugular, lateral
thoracic, cephalic, saphenous (BUT ONLY IF ANESTHETIZED)
T/F: if a horse is refluxing 8L, you need to consider that 8L in your fluid plan. - Answer -
True
T/F: if a horse is refluxing 6L, you need to consider that in your fluid plan & can give
those fluids the enteral route. - Answer -False (if refluxing, cannot give any fluids via GI
... but should consider it in your fluid plan, just give IV)
Maximum amount of fluids you can give via GI in foals & adults - Answer -1L in foals, 8-
10L in adults (and only if no reflux!)
, Maintenance fluid rate in a foal - Answer -80-120ml/kg/day (higher than in an adult)
If given IM, what can banamine cause? - Answer -clostridial myositis (always give IV or
oral)
Normal heart rate in a horse - Answer -20-40 bpm
Normal respiratory rate in a horse - Answer -8-16 brpm
Normal respiratory rate in a foal - Answer -40-60 brpm
A horse presents for colic with severe pain and tachycardia. What should you do next? -
Answer -Sedate & pass an NG tube IMMEDIATELY
Diagnostic tests helpful in a colic workup - Answer -NG tube, Transrectal palpation,
Abdominocentesis, US, CBC/Chem/UA
How long is gestation in a horse? - Answer -11 months
In addition to a regular PE, what 4 things should you pay extra attention to in a post-
foaling exam of a mare? - Answer -Udder, placenta, behavior toward foal, abdomen
Within 30 minutes of labor starting, this should happen. - Answer -foal should be out &
breathing
Within 1 hour of birth, this should happen. - Answer -foal should be standing
Within 2 hours of birth, this should happen. - Answer -foal should be nursing
Within 3 hours of birth, this should happen. - Answer -placenta should be passed
How soon after birth should a wellness exam be done? - Answer -12-24 hours (as long
as nothing goes wrong; this allows for accurate testing of IgG)
Normal heart rate in a foal - Answer -80-120 bpm
Normal temperature in a foal - Answer -100-102.5 F
T/F: PDA is a life-threatening emergency in a foal and it should be taken to surgery as
soon as possible. - Answer -False (PDA & murmurs can be normal in foals up to 2
weeks old)
T/F: a foal's MM are often more pale than adults and their CRT is normally <3 sec -
Answer -False (a foal's MMs are pinker than adults and their CRT is <1 sec)
5 things to consider when developing a fluid plan - Answer -Volume, Type, Route,
Rate, Reassess
3 things to consider when determining a fluid volume to give - Answer -restore
hydration, ongoing losses, maintenance requirements
Maintenance fluid rate in an adult horse - Answer -60 ml/kg/day
A horse is lethargic, has dry mucous membranes, an increased CRT, and decreased
urine output. What % dehydrated is he? - Answer -5-7% (mild)
A horse is lethargic, has dry mucous membranes, an increased CRT, and decreased
urine output. He also has a weak pulse, prolonged jugular filling, a skin tent, and
tachycardia. What % dehydrated is he? - Answer -8-10% (moderate)
A horse is lethargic, has dry mucous membranes, an increased CRT, and decreased
urine output. He also has a weak pulse, prolonged jugular filling, a skin tent, and
tachycardia. His extremeties are cold, he's depressed, and he has sunken eyes. He
may or may not be recumbent.
What % dehydrated is he? - Answer -10% + (severe)
Formula for replacement volume due to dehydration - Answer -BW (kg) x % dehydrated
= Volume (L)
A 500kg horse is 7% dehydrated. How much fluids do you need to give him? (for
dehydration only - do not consider ongoing losses/maintenance for this problem). -
Answer -35 L (500kg x .07 = 35L)
If you give hypertonic saline to help resuscitate, what do you need to do next? - Answer
-ALWAYS follow it with isotonic crystalloids.
What are the sites on a horse to administer IV fluids? (4) - Answer -Jugular, lateral
thoracic, cephalic, saphenous (BUT ONLY IF ANESTHETIZED)
T/F: if a horse is refluxing 8L, you need to consider that 8L in your fluid plan. - Answer -
True
T/F: if a horse is refluxing 6L, you need to consider that in your fluid plan & can give
those fluids the enteral route. - Answer -False (if refluxing, cannot give any fluids via GI
... but should consider it in your fluid plan, just give IV)
Maximum amount of fluids you can give via GI in foals & adults - Answer -1L in foals, 8-
10L in adults (and only if no reflux!)
, Maintenance fluid rate in a foal - Answer -80-120ml/kg/day (higher than in an adult)
If given IM, what can banamine cause? - Answer -clostridial myositis (always give IV or
oral)
Normal heart rate in a horse - Answer -20-40 bpm
Normal respiratory rate in a horse - Answer -8-16 brpm
Normal respiratory rate in a foal - Answer -40-60 brpm
A horse presents for colic with severe pain and tachycardia. What should you do next? -
Answer -Sedate & pass an NG tube IMMEDIATELY
Diagnostic tests helpful in a colic workup - Answer -NG tube, Transrectal palpation,
Abdominocentesis, US, CBC/Chem/UA
How long is gestation in a horse? - Answer -11 months
In addition to a regular PE, what 4 things should you pay extra attention to in a post-
foaling exam of a mare? - Answer -Udder, placenta, behavior toward foal, abdomen
Within 30 minutes of labor starting, this should happen. - Answer -foal should be out &
breathing
Within 1 hour of birth, this should happen. - Answer -foal should be standing
Within 2 hours of birth, this should happen. - Answer -foal should be nursing
Within 3 hours of birth, this should happen. - Answer -placenta should be passed
How soon after birth should a wellness exam be done? - Answer -12-24 hours (as long
as nothing goes wrong; this allows for accurate testing of IgG)
Normal heart rate in a foal - Answer -80-120 bpm
Normal temperature in a foal - Answer -100-102.5 F
T/F: PDA is a life-threatening emergency in a foal and it should be taken to surgery as
soon as possible. - Answer -False (PDA & murmurs can be normal in foals up to 2
weeks old)
T/F: a foal's MM are often more pale than adults and their CRT is normally <3 sec -
Answer -False (a foal's MMs are pinker than adults and their CRT is <1 sec)
