HESI RN ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
EXAMPREP 2026 FULL QUESTION BANK
WITH CORRECT ANSWERS AND
EXPLANATIONS
⩥ Plasmin. Answer: Enzyme digesting fibrin strands, leading to clot
dissolution
⩥ Cardiac tamponade triad. Answer: Beck's Triad: distant heart sounds,
JVD, decreased BP
⩥ Polydipsia. Answer: Excessive thirst due to osmolality imbalance in
diabetes
⩥ Potassium. Answer: Electrolyte of concern in kidney failure, affecting
the heart
⩥ Hypokalemia signs. Answer: Muscle cramps, weakness, T wave
flattening, confusion
⩥ Hyperkalemia signs. Answer: Peaked T wave, v-fib, muscle weakness,
respiratory distress
, ⩥ Left-sided heart failure. Answer: Impaired left heart pumping, leading
to pulmonary congestion
⩥ Right-sided heart failure. Answer: Impaired right heart pumping,
leading to systemic congestion
⩥ Diabetes insipidus. Answer: Lack of ADH action causing dehydration
⩥ Diabetes mellitus type 1. Answer: Absolute lack of insulin, diagnosed
young, insulin-dependent
⩥ Diabetes mellitus type 2. Answer: Insulin resistance, often managed
with oral meds initially
⩥ Multiple Sclerosis (MS). Answer: Progressive demyelination of
neurons, unpredictable course
⩥ Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). Answer: Progressive
degenerative disease affecting motor neurons
⩥ Parkinson's disease. Answer: Destruction of substantia nigra, lack of
dopamine, basal ganglia disorder
EXAMPREP 2026 FULL QUESTION BANK
WITH CORRECT ANSWERS AND
EXPLANATIONS
⩥ Plasmin. Answer: Enzyme digesting fibrin strands, leading to clot
dissolution
⩥ Cardiac tamponade triad. Answer: Beck's Triad: distant heart sounds,
JVD, decreased BP
⩥ Polydipsia. Answer: Excessive thirst due to osmolality imbalance in
diabetes
⩥ Potassium. Answer: Electrolyte of concern in kidney failure, affecting
the heart
⩥ Hypokalemia signs. Answer: Muscle cramps, weakness, T wave
flattening, confusion
⩥ Hyperkalemia signs. Answer: Peaked T wave, v-fib, muscle weakness,
respiratory distress
, ⩥ Left-sided heart failure. Answer: Impaired left heart pumping, leading
to pulmonary congestion
⩥ Right-sided heart failure. Answer: Impaired right heart pumping,
leading to systemic congestion
⩥ Diabetes insipidus. Answer: Lack of ADH action causing dehydration
⩥ Diabetes mellitus type 1. Answer: Absolute lack of insulin, diagnosed
young, insulin-dependent
⩥ Diabetes mellitus type 2. Answer: Insulin resistance, often managed
with oral meds initially
⩥ Multiple Sclerosis (MS). Answer: Progressive demyelination of
neurons, unpredictable course
⩥ Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). Answer: Progressive
degenerative disease affecting motor neurons
⩥ Parkinson's disease. Answer: Destruction of substantia nigra, lack of
dopamine, basal ganglia disorder
