RN-BC: Medical-Surgical Certification Review with correct answers

RN-BC: Medical-Surgical Certification
Review with correct answers
Nursing Code of Conduct - answers• Participating in intra-professional collaboration
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• Avoiding conflicts of interests
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• Maintaining respect for human dignity
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• Integrating professional values with personal values
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The Code of Ethics from the American Nurses Association (ANA) states in
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point 5.3: "Nurses have both personal and professional identities that are
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neither entirely separate, nor entirely merged, but are integrated. In the
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process of becoming a professional, the nurse embraces the values of the
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profession, integrating them with personal values. Duties to self involve an
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authentic expression of one's own moral point-of-view in practice. Sound
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ethical decision-making requires the respectful and open exchange of views
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between and among all individuals with relevant interests."
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Nursing Ethics - answersEthics: moral principles that govern behavior; ideal, standards
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Principles:
• Autonomy: duty to allow patient to make independent decisions
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• Veracity: duty to tell the truth
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• Fidelity: duty to keep promises and commitments
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• Justice: duty to provide equal and fair distribution of resources
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• Beneficence: duty to promote good and take positive actions
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• Nonmaleficence: duty to do no harm and avoid negative actions
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• Confidentiality: duty to keep some information from disclosure without
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consent
• Privacy: duty to protect physical body or information from unauthorized
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view

Ethical Dilemmas - answersIssues surrounding quality-of-life, end-of life, and DNR orders
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gmost often g



trigger ethical dilemmas, when no clear course of action is apparent.
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Obtain a referral to ethics committee for disagreements about treatments:
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• Between family members
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• Among healthcare providers
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• Between healthcare providers and the patient or family
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Advocacy - answersWhat it is: action or series of actions that argues for, speaks in favor
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of,
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recommends, or supports another person, place, or thing g g g g g g g




Nursing Advocacy: g



• Integrates individuality, professionalism, and empowering
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,• Involves a process of analyzing, counseling, responding, and shielding
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An effective nursing advocate actively participates in supporting patients'
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wishes and needs through listening, educating, and collaborating. The ANA
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2001 Code of Ethics includes:
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• The nurse's primary commitment is to the patient, whether an individual,
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family, group, or community.g g g



• The nurse promotes, advocates for, and strives to protect the health, safety,
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and rights of the patient. (ANA, 2001)
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Kubler-Ross Stages of Grief - answersPatients, families, and other caregivers can
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progress through these stages.
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• Denial: avoiding the inevitable
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• Anger: expressing emotions previously bottled-up
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• Bargaining: trying to find a way out
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• Depression: acknowledging the inevitable
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• Acceptance: moving forward
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Leadership Styles - answersAutocratic: unilateral, dictatorial, works toward single goal;
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gmeets resistance g



from mature, experienced staff
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Democratic/participative: team approach, staff participation, retains responsibility for g g g g g g g



goutcome
Laissez-faire: little control; leaves decision to others; works well with committed, g g g g g g g g g g



gmotivated staff who can analyze well g g g g g



Charismatic: trigger emotional response; eloquent communicator and g g g g g g



persuader
Transformational: connection between leader and follower increases motivation for g g g g g g g g



gproblem -solving g



Transactional: compliance via reward/ punishment system g g g g g



Quantum: flexible, non-controlling, analytical, empathetic, visionary team player
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Situational/Contingency: match style to situation; high-stress situations are best handled g g g g g g g g g



gby task-oriented leaders; moderate situations are best handled by relationship-oriented
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gleader

Shared Governance - answersWhat it is:
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• A model of nursing practice designed to improve work environment, satisfaction, and
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nurse retention
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• Champions staff as most important asset of organization
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• Encourages autonomy, empowerment, involvement, and participation
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• Teams and groups are designed to be self-led and self-managed
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Nursing Application: g



Bedside nurses are given equal footing with managers and leaders in the
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creation of policies, procedures, and other decision-making processes that
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directly affect nursing practice within the organization.
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, Adult Learning - answersThe education process should reflect the nursing process
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(assess, plan, implement, evaluate)
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• Multiple sensory avenues for learning increases learning and retention.
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• Doing and saying (teach-back) is more effective than reading and hearing.
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• Learning needs: patient goals met through instruction
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• Non-learning needs: patient goals met through something other than instruction or in
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combination with instruction
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Basic Learning Styles: g g



• Visual: reading instructions or watching demonstration
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• Hearing: listening to instructions while performing
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• Tactile: hands-on
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Learning Barriers - answersPhysical Impairments: inadequacies of the five senses;
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impaired mobility
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• Cognitive: mental disability or impairment; dyslexia, phobias
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• Language: aphasic; lack of fluency, reads at less than 8th grade level
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• Emotional: fear/superstitions, anxiety, depression
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• Religious/cultural: values differ, beliefs focus on healing from a higher power, dietary
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restrictions
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• Financial: patient perception that they are unable financially to follow recommended plan
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of care
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Teaching Strategies—Adults - answersAssess: mental and physical capabilities,
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gperception of the problem, preferred g g g g



learning style g



Plan: establish mutual goals with patient that are specific, practical, attainable, relevant,
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gand culturally sensitive
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Intervene: use multiple methods to enhance learning; ensure methods use vocabulary
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gsuited to learner's comprehension
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- Oral, written, or electronic information via internet
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- Visual/pictorial information such as DVDs and charts
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- Demonstration and return demonstration
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- Peer learning
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- Group work
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Evaluate: observe the patient/family implement new skills, request a "teachback"
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from the patient; assess comments and conversations for misinformation or gaps in
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glearning

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs - answersPhysiological: basic needs such as air, water,
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food, shelter, and freedom from pain (comfort)
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Safety: free from harm or threat of harm; stability
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Love/Belonging: friendship, acceptance, affection; support system g g g g g



Esteem: self-respect, self-confidence, rewarding work/relationships
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Self-actualization: truth, justice, beauty, personal growth, "born to do" g g g g g g g g