Funds Exam #3 Brue Print-Terms & Definitions | 100% Correct | The Ultimate Study Guide for Yr. (2026/2027)
1. Magnesium Deficiency Application - Normal magnesium range: 1.6 - 2.6 mg/dL
Implementation Hypomagnesia less than 1.6 mg/dL ---Caused by:
• Chronic Alcoholism
---S/S:
• Neuromuscular irritability at the junctions;
reflexes are impacted
• Dysrhythmia: twisting of the main
bones Trousseau’s sign ---Treatment:
• Encourage foods high in magnesium
• Aoid alcohol intake: in the hospital
the patients will have the banana bag if they
don’t quit drinking or are not able to resist
without alcohol
2. Hypokalemia Potassium Serum potassium less than 3.5 mg/dL ---Caused by:
Application - Implementation • Diuretics: furosemide, potassium sparing
---S/S:
• Dysrhythmia: PQRST not evident, T wave flat
• Digoxin- helps the heart to contract
• Digi- toxis: makes it toxic b/c heart is pumping a lot
and vit K if low, and heart wont be able to keep it up.
---Treatment:
• If the patient is taking digoxin (helps the heart to
squeeze), monitor for pulse and observe for toxicity
• Encourage intake of potassium rich foods
• Adm potassium supplements: IV & Pills
!!! Don’t push potassium b/c it will lead into skin
irritation; make sure it’s IV drip or Alaris Pump
3. Dehydration THIRST
1
, Funds Exam #3 Brue Print-Terms & Definitions | 100% Correct | The Ultimate Study Guide for Yr. (2026/2027)
Comprehension - Assessment • Skin turgor: non-elastics
SATA • Check for early S/S of dehydration: THIRST, blood
loss (vomtinig, bleeding, diahrrea), fluid shifts
(intravascular fluid may leak into body tissues,
burns)
• Dry skin, dry mucous membranes
• Decreased urine output and hypotension
• Increased HR
• Weight the patient (sensitive measure of fluid loss)
• Rise in temperature: sweat, fluid in the body that’s
missing can’t regulate temp
4. Blood Transfusion Application- Reactions:
Implementation • Stop the infusion
• Maintain a patent IV line with saline
solution
• Notify the blood banck and the HCP
immediately
• Recheck identifying tag and numbers
• Monitor vital signs and urine output
• Treat symptoms per HCP order
• Save the blood bag and tubing and
send then to the blood bank for
examination
• Collect rewuired blood and urine
specimens per protocol
• Document on transfusion reaction
from and patient chart
2
, Funds Exam #3 Brue Print-Terms & Definitions | 100% Correct | The Ultimate Study Guide for Yr. (2026/2027)
5. Calcium imbalance Analysis - Serum Calcium range: 8.5 – 10.6 mg/dL
Assessment LOW
---Caused by:
• Hypoparathyroidism: thyroid is out
• Vit. D deficienfy (helps you with calcium absorption)
---S/S
• Muscle cramps
• Tetany: smasmic muscle
• Laryngeal spasm: larunx will spasm after thyroid manipulation Positive Trousseau
& Chvostek signs (twitching of the cheeck) ---Treatment:
• Encourage increased calcium intake (rubarb, dairy products, sardines, kale chips)
• Administer calcium supplemts
HIGH
---Caused by:
• Hyperparathyroidism
• Prolonged immobillization
• Thiazide diuretics
---S/S
• Constipation: slow GI mucle
• Bradycardya
• Kidney Stones: large globules of calcium need to get though kidneys and they can’t --
-Treatment:
• Encourage fiber to prevent constipation
• Eliminate calcium supplemts and limit calcium-rish foods
• Renal dialysis may be required: due to kidney stones
3
1. Magnesium Deficiency Application - Normal magnesium range: 1.6 - 2.6 mg/dL
Implementation Hypomagnesia less than 1.6 mg/dL ---Caused by:
• Chronic Alcoholism
---S/S:
• Neuromuscular irritability at the junctions;
reflexes are impacted
• Dysrhythmia: twisting of the main
bones Trousseau’s sign ---Treatment:
• Encourage foods high in magnesium
• Aoid alcohol intake: in the hospital
the patients will have the banana bag if they
don’t quit drinking or are not able to resist
without alcohol
2. Hypokalemia Potassium Serum potassium less than 3.5 mg/dL ---Caused by:
Application - Implementation • Diuretics: furosemide, potassium sparing
---S/S:
• Dysrhythmia: PQRST not evident, T wave flat
• Digoxin- helps the heart to contract
• Digi- toxis: makes it toxic b/c heart is pumping a lot
and vit K if low, and heart wont be able to keep it up.
---Treatment:
• If the patient is taking digoxin (helps the heart to
squeeze), monitor for pulse and observe for toxicity
• Encourage intake of potassium rich foods
• Adm potassium supplements: IV & Pills
!!! Don’t push potassium b/c it will lead into skin
irritation; make sure it’s IV drip or Alaris Pump
3. Dehydration THIRST
1
, Funds Exam #3 Brue Print-Terms & Definitions | 100% Correct | The Ultimate Study Guide for Yr. (2026/2027)
Comprehension - Assessment • Skin turgor: non-elastics
SATA • Check for early S/S of dehydration: THIRST, blood
loss (vomtinig, bleeding, diahrrea), fluid shifts
(intravascular fluid may leak into body tissues,
burns)
• Dry skin, dry mucous membranes
• Decreased urine output and hypotension
• Increased HR
• Weight the patient (sensitive measure of fluid loss)
• Rise in temperature: sweat, fluid in the body that’s
missing can’t regulate temp
4. Blood Transfusion Application- Reactions:
Implementation • Stop the infusion
• Maintain a patent IV line with saline
solution
• Notify the blood banck and the HCP
immediately
• Recheck identifying tag and numbers
• Monitor vital signs and urine output
• Treat symptoms per HCP order
• Save the blood bag and tubing and
send then to the blood bank for
examination
• Collect rewuired blood and urine
specimens per protocol
• Document on transfusion reaction
from and patient chart
2
, Funds Exam #3 Brue Print-Terms & Definitions | 100% Correct | The Ultimate Study Guide for Yr. (2026/2027)
5. Calcium imbalance Analysis - Serum Calcium range: 8.5 – 10.6 mg/dL
Assessment LOW
---Caused by:
• Hypoparathyroidism: thyroid is out
• Vit. D deficienfy (helps you with calcium absorption)
---S/S
• Muscle cramps
• Tetany: smasmic muscle
• Laryngeal spasm: larunx will spasm after thyroid manipulation Positive Trousseau
& Chvostek signs (twitching of the cheeck) ---Treatment:
• Encourage increased calcium intake (rubarb, dairy products, sardines, kale chips)
• Administer calcium supplemts
HIGH
---Caused by:
• Hyperparathyroidism
• Prolonged immobillization
• Thiazide diuretics
---S/S
• Constipation: slow GI mucle
• Bradycardya
• Kidney Stones: large globules of calcium need to get though kidneys and they can’t --
-Treatment:
• Encourage fiber to prevent constipation
• Eliminate calcium supplemts and limit calcium-rish foods
• Renal dialysis may be required: due to kidney stones
3
