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1. The levels in Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs are: - ANSWER self-
actualization, self-esteem, affiliation, safety, and physiological.
2. Each content theory of motivation is separate, distinct, and unrelated. -
ANSWER False
3. According to B. F. Skinner, an individual's behavior can be redirected
through the use of reinforcement. - ANSWER True
4. An employee's degree of satisfaction is proportionate to the actual amount
of rewards he or she is receiving. - ANSWER False
5. One of the major criticisms of the Expectancy Theory is that it does not take
into account the relationship between employee performance and job
satisfaction. - ANSWER True
6. The Porter-Lawler Satisfaction-Performance Model extended Expectancy
Theory and incorporated Equity Theory into a model to reflect the
relationship of an employee's performance to job satisfaction - ANSWER
True
,7. What type of reinforcement occurs when an unpleasant effect is eliminated
or avoided? - ANSWER Negative Reinforcement
8. Managers must ensure that employees have adequate resources to reach
their goals. Which of the following are support elements? - ANSWER
Company policies, feedback, action plans, and training
9. According to Vroom's VIE theory, an individual's perception that his or her
performance is related to other outcomes, either positively or negatively, is
referred to as: - ANSWER instrumentality
10.Which of the following is a method of inequity resolution? - ANSWER
Changing the comparison other; Cognitively distorting inputs or outcomes;
Altering inputs or outcomes --- NOT 'Leaving Everything As Is'
11.The scheduling of reinforcement is important because the frequency will
determine the time it takes to learn a new behavior. - ANSWER True
12.According to Vroom, the forces that drives a person to perform is
dependent upon four factors: motivation, valence, instrumentality, and
expectancy. Hint: take a look at Vroom's Expectancy Theory diagram -
ANSWER False
, 13.Promoting psychological closeness is a proper technique for avoiding which
of the following tendencies? Hint it is optimistic attribution. - ANSWER
Optimistic attribution style
14.People who are non-resilient are likely to err in their attributions and are
prone to blame others or themselves for their failures. - ANSWER True
15.The five techniques used by managers to promote motivational attributions
are... - ANSWER Screening for resilience; Increasing psychological
closeness; Immunization; Attributional training; Multiple raters of
performance
16.Attributions are always an accurate reflection of reality. - ANSWER False
17.Instrumental aggression describes behaviors targeted at obtaining a goal
that the employing organization is not providing. - ANSWER True
18.Organizational rules and norms can cause learned helplessness among
employees in the same manner that experiments induce it in dogs. -
ANSWER True
19.Because __________________ among employees is generally good for
overall organizational effectiveness, it is helpful to understand the cognitive
processes that help foster this state of heightened motivation. - ANSWER
Empowerment