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Chemistry: Acids and bases

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Detailed summary of all key points involving acids and bases. Easy and simple to understand.

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Institution
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Uploaded on
February 8, 2021
Number of pages
4
Written in
2019/2020
Type
Interview
Company
Unknown
Person
Unknown

Subjects

  • acids
  • bases
  • dissociation
  • concentration
  • water
  • ph scale
  • indicators
  • hydrolysis
  • salts
  • titration

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ACIDS AND BASES

Acids:
Definition: proton donor
Acids undergo ionization.
 Strong acids:
Definition: ionizes completely
Hydrochloric acid ( HC l¿
Sulphuric acid (H2SO4)
Nitric acid (HNO3)
 Weak acids:
 Definition: ionizes partially
Ethanoic acid (CH3COOH)
Hydrofluoric acid (HF)
Phosphoric acid (H3PO4)
 Acid solutions have pH value lower than 7
 H3O+ hydronium ion is responsible for acidic properties of a solution.

Bases
Definition: proton acceptor
 Strong bases:
Definition: dissociates completely
Sodium hydroxide (NaOH)
Potassium hydroxide (KOH)
 Weak bases:
Definition: dissociated partially
Ammonia (NH3)
Carbonates (compounds with CO32-)
 OH– hydroxide ion is responsible for basic properties of a solution.

Protolytic Reactions
 Transfer of protons.
 Acids and bases react together to form salt + H2O
Protolytic acids
 Acids which are able to donate more than one proton.

Amphiprotic
When a substance can act as an acid and base (conjugate.)




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