Pediatric cardiology Exam questions and referenced answers
1. Postural hypotension
General causes of syncope in children
2. Vasovagal
1. CHF
2. Cyanosis
Major presentations of significant CHD 3. Murmur
4. Arrhythmia
5. RARE to have chest pain, palpitations or syncope
Chest pain in children is rarely _____ cardiac in origin
Palpitations in children are most often Benign sinus tachycardia
caused by what
Best question to determine activity "can the child keep up with his peers"
tolerance
What to assess for activity tolerance in Feeding duration, frequency, and amount
infants
What to assess for activity tolerance in Play activity compared to peers at daycare or family events
toddlers
What to assess for activity tolerance in sport/gyms activity
school age children Symptoms WITH exercise
, Pediatric cardiology Exam questions and referenced answers
GDM, dilantin or lithium use, congenital heart disease, premature
Fhx risk factors
artherosclerosis
Down syndrome (trisomy 21) and ASD, VSD, PDA.
common anomolies - percentage? (40%)
LEFT heart disease, ie. coarctation of the aorta, hypoplastic L heart syndro
Turner syndrome
(23%)
VCF/Shprintzen AND DiGeorge Tetralogy of fallot, truncus arteriosis, interrupted aortic arch
MVP
Marfan syndrome
aortic dilation or dissecting aneurysm (sudden death preventable w treatm
A child with a systolic ejection murmur IHSS - refer immediately
that is loud supine but becomes louder
when standing - what do you suspect
and what do you do?
Most common cause of unexpected Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with obstruction (IHSS)
teen death
Two descriptive factors that have the location and timing
largest role in determining cardiac
murmurs
1. Postural hypotension
General causes of syncope in children
2. Vasovagal
1. CHF
2. Cyanosis
Major presentations of significant CHD 3. Murmur
4. Arrhythmia
5. RARE to have chest pain, palpitations or syncope
Chest pain in children is rarely _____ cardiac in origin
Palpitations in children are most often Benign sinus tachycardia
caused by what
Best question to determine activity "can the child keep up with his peers"
tolerance
What to assess for activity tolerance in Feeding duration, frequency, and amount
infants
What to assess for activity tolerance in Play activity compared to peers at daycare or family events
toddlers
What to assess for activity tolerance in sport/gyms activity
school age children Symptoms WITH exercise
, Pediatric cardiology Exam questions and referenced answers
GDM, dilantin or lithium use, congenital heart disease, premature
Fhx risk factors
artherosclerosis
Down syndrome (trisomy 21) and ASD, VSD, PDA.
common anomolies - percentage? (40%)
LEFT heart disease, ie. coarctation of the aorta, hypoplastic L heart syndro
Turner syndrome
(23%)
VCF/Shprintzen AND DiGeorge Tetralogy of fallot, truncus arteriosis, interrupted aortic arch
MVP
Marfan syndrome
aortic dilation or dissecting aneurysm (sudden death preventable w treatm
A child with a systolic ejection murmur IHSS - refer immediately
that is loud supine but becomes louder
when standing - what do you suspect
and what do you do?
Most common cause of unexpected Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with obstruction (IHSS)
teen death
Two descriptive factors that have the location and timing
largest role in determining cardiac
murmurs
