MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTICS FINAL
EXAM MOLECULAR ONCOLOGY
QUESTION AND ANSWERS
Cancer in the cycle - ANSWER-cell division cycle proceeds from G1-S and G2-M
inappropriately
Tissue specific - ANSWER-From tissue the tumor came from: tissue specific marker
from where the tumor came from
Tumor specific - ANSWER-P53
HER2/neu
EGFR
K-ras
Two hit hypothesis - ANSWER-tumor suppressor genes require both alleles to be
inactivated, either through mutation or epigenetic silencing to cause phenotypic
change.
SSCP - ANSWER-denature DNA, cut, run alongside normal DNA< gel, if 2 DNA run
different mutation
TP53 - ANSWER-Tumor supressor gene for a transcription factor. Poor prognosis of
colon, lung, breast, Detected by IHC, SSCP, and direct sequencing
BRCA1 and BRCA2 - ANSWER-tumor supressor gene that participate in DNA
repair. Detected by SSP-PCR.
LYNCH syndrome (hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal carcinoma) - ANSWER--
Colon cancer (HNPCC)
- Gene: MHL1 and MHL2
- 5 microsatellite locl: BAT25 and BAT26, dinucleotides
Microsatellite instability - ANSWER-1-2 base tandem repeats, sensitive to errors
during DNA,
- test for function of DNA mismatch repair system which may be mutated in
hereditary colon cancer.
- Detected by PCR, compare loci, contain extra products
Detection clonality using antibody and T cell receptor gene arrangements -
ANSWER-PCR: SHARP band unique to the tumor cell population
SOUTHERN BLOT: rearranged bands unique to the tumor cell population.,
Liquid Biopsy - ANSWER-Circulating tumor cells, cell free DNA, RNA, exosomes.
detection: hybridization blotting, PCR, RT-PCR, electrophoresis, SSCP
EXAM MOLECULAR ONCOLOGY
QUESTION AND ANSWERS
Cancer in the cycle - ANSWER-cell division cycle proceeds from G1-S and G2-M
inappropriately
Tissue specific - ANSWER-From tissue the tumor came from: tissue specific marker
from where the tumor came from
Tumor specific - ANSWER-P53
HER2/neu
EGFR
K-ras
Two hit hypothesis - ANSWER-tumor suppressor genes require both alleles to be
inactivated, either through mutation or epigenetic silencing to cause phenotypic
change.
SSCP - ANSWER-denature DNA, cut, run alongside normal DNA< gel, if 2 DNA run
different mutation
TP53 - ANSWER-Tumor supressor gene for a transcription factor. Poor prognosis of
colon, lung, breast, Detected by IHC, SSCP, and direct sequencing
BRCA1 and BRCA2 - ANSWER-tumor supressor gene that participate in DNA
repair. Detected by SSP-PCR.
LYNCH syndrome (hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal carcinoma) - ANSWER--
Colon cancer (HNPCC)
- Gene: MHL1 and MHL2
- 5 microsatellite locl: BAT25 and BAT26, dinucleotides
Microsatellite instability - ANSWER-1-2 base tandem repeats, sensitive to errors
during DNA,
- test for function of DNA mismatch repair system which may be mutated in
hereditary colon cancer.
- Detected by PCR, compare loci, contain extra products
Detection clonality using antibody and T cell receptor gene arrangements -
ANSWER-PCR: SHARP band unique to the tumor cell population
SOUTHERN BLOT: rearranged bands unique to the tumor cell population.,
Liquid Biopsy - ANSWER-Circulating tumor cells, cell free DNA, RNA, exosomes.
detection: hybridization blotting, PCR, RT-PCR, electrophoresis, SSCP
