Leigh
NSG 321 – OXYGENATION & RESPIRATORY FUNDAMENTALS
EXAM (80 QUESTIONS WITH + ANSWERS & RATIONALES)
1. What is oxygenation?
A. Air moving in and out of the lungs
B. The heart pumping blood
C. Oxygen moving into the body’s cells
D. Food turning into energy
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Oxygenation is the process of delivering oxygen to tissues.
2. What is ventilation?
A. Oxygen entering the bloodstream
B. Air moving in and out of the lungs
C. Air exchanging in the alveoli
D. Cells using oxygen
Rationale: Ventilation means breathing air in and out.
3. What is respiration?
A. Moving oxygen to cells
B. Air moving in and out
C. Gas exchange in the alveoli and capillaries
D. The heart beating
Rationale: Respiration is where O₂ and CO₂ are exchanged.
4. What is perfusion?
A. Air entering the lungs
B. CO₂ leaving the body
C. Oxygen-rich blood reaching body tissues
D. Heart valves closing
Rationale: Perfusion means blood carrying oxygen to tissues.
5. What is hypoxia?
A. Too much oxygen
B. Not enough oxygen reaching cells
C. Too much carbon dioxide
D. Fast breathing
Rationale: Hypoxia means cells do not have adequate oxygen.
6. Which is a sign of hypoxia?
, Leigh
A. Slow breathing
B. Restlessness or confusion
C. Decreased heart rate
D. Pink skin
Rationale: Early hypoxia causes anxiety, confusion, and agitation.
7. Which symptom occurs in severe hypoxia?
A. Pale skin
B. Bluish skin (cyanosis)
C. Increased appetite
D. Slow heart rate
Rationale: Cyanosis is a late sign of dangerously low oxygen.
8. What is dyspnea?
A. Slow breathing
B. Difficulty breathing
C. Chest vibration
D. Deep breathing
Rationale: Dyspnea means the person feels short of breath.
9. Hypoventilation means:
A. Breathing too fast
B. Breathing too slow or too shallow
C. No oxygen in the blood
D. The lungs collapse
Rationale: Hypoventilation reduces oxygen and increases CO₂.
10. Infants normally breathe using:
A. Chest muscles
B. Abdominal muscles
C. Shoulder muscles
D. No effort
Rationale: Babies naturally breathe with their abdomen.
11. What type of breathing do older adults use?
A. Abdominal
B. Thoracic breathing
C. Shoulder movement
D. Diaphragm only
Rationale: Aging reduces lung elasticity, leading to more chest breathing.
12. Smoking increases risk for:
A. Low blood pressure
B. Eye disease
NSG 321 – OXYGENATION & RESPIRATORY FUNDAMENTALS
EXAM (80 QUESTIONS WITH + ANSWERS & RATIONALES)
1. What is oxygenation?
A. Air moving in and out of the lungs
B. The heart pumping blood
C. Oxygen moving into the body’s cells
D. Food turning into energy
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Oxygenation is the process of delivering oxygen to tissues.
2. What is ventilation?
A. Oxygen entering the bloodstream
B. Air moving in and out of the lungs
C. Air exchanging in the alveoli
D. Cells using oxygen
Rationale: Ventilation means breathing air in and out.
3. What is respiration?
A. Moving oxygen to cells
B. Air moving in and out
C. Gas exchange in the alveoli and capillaries
D. The heart beating
Rationale: Respiration is where O₂ and CO₂ are exchanged.
4. What is perfusion?
A. Air entering the lungs
B. CO₂ leaving the body
C. Oxygen-rich blood reaching body tissues
D. Heart valves closing
Rationale: Perfusion means blood carrying oxygen to tissues.
5. What is hypoxia?
A. Too much oxygen
B. Not enough oxygen reaching cells
C. Too much carbon dioxide
D. Fast breathing
Rationale: Hypoxia means cells do not have adequate oxygen.
6. Which is a sign of hypoxia?
, Leigh
A. Slow breathing
B. Restlessness or confusion
C. Decreased heart rate
D. Pink skin
Rationale: Early hypoxia causes anxiety, confusion, and agitation.
7. Which symptom occurs in severe hypoxia?
A. Pale skin
B. Bluish skin (cyanosis)
C. Increased appetite
D. Slow heart rate
Rationale: Cyanosis is a late sign of dangerously low oxygen.
8. What is dyspnea?
A. Slow breathing
B. Difficulty breathing
C. Chest vibration
D. Deep breathing
Rationale: Dyspnea means the person feels short of breath.
9. Hypoventilation means:
A. Breathing too fast
B. Breathing too slow or too shallow
C. No oxygen in the blood
D. The lungs collapse
Rationale: Hypoventilation reduces oxygen and increases CO₂.
10. Infants normally breathe using:
A. Chest muscles
B. Abdominal muscles
C. Shoulder muscles
D. No effort
Rationale: Babies naturally breathe with their abdomen.
11. What type of breathing do older adults use?
A. Abdominal
B. Thoracic breathing
C. Shoulder movement
D. Diaphragm only
Rationale: Aging reduces lung elasticity, leading to more chest breathing.
12. Smoking increases risk for:
A. Low blood pressure
B. Eye disease
