BIO 370 - Exam 1 Review Question
and answers 100% correct 2025/2026
adaptations to environmental conditions - correct answer ✔Abiotic - space, water air, temperature,
minerals, light
Biotic - food, predators, conspecifics (rivals or mates)
types of adaptations - form & function - correct answer ✔Body plan (internal and external)
Locomotion
Gas exchange
Feeding
Thermoregulation
Reproduction
Taxonomy - correct answer ✔Naming of organisms
Binomial nomenclature system - Carl Linnaeus, Sweden 1700's
Clade - correct answer ✔Ancestor organism and all its descendents
A "branch" on the tree of life
Members of a clade = monophyletic group
Types of Phylogenetic Groups - correct answer ✔MONOphyletic = taxon = clade
PARAphyletic = ancestor and desc. MINUS one (or several) monophyletic groups
POLYphyletic = any other group
Cladograms - correct answer ✔Based on SYNapomorphies
, Derived = different from ancestral condition
Apomorphies = derived characters found in found in several members, but not ancestor
SYNapomorphy - correct answer ✔derived traits shared by related taxa & found in their most recent
common ancestor
AUTapomorphy - correct answer ✔Distinct feature - found in only one member of clade
PLEISomorphy / HOMOlogy - correct answer ✔An ancestral trait found at the BASIS of a cladogram
(may be lost or retained
Trait evolved from common ancestor
HOMOplasy - correct answer ✔Found in members of a tree, but NOT in the ancestor
Does NOT indicate common ancestor
result of CONVERGENCE
Outgroup - correct answer ✔close, ancient, NON-relative (for comparison)
Sister Taxon - correct answer ✔Closest relative
Chordata (phylum) - correct answer ✔Cephalocordata (Amphioxus)
Urchordata (tunicates)
Chordata synapomorphies - correct answer ✔Notochord - dorsal stiffening rod
Nerve cord - dorsal, hollow
Tail - segmented, muscular, post-anal
and answers 100% correct 2025/2026
adaptations to environmental conditions - correct answer ✔Abiotic - space, water air, temperature,
minerals, light
Biotic - food, predators, conspecifics (rivals or mates)
types of adaptations - form & function - correct answer ✔Body plan (internal and external)
Locomotion
Gas exchange
Feeding
Thermoregulation
Reproduction
Taxonomy - correct answer ✔Naming of organisms
Binomial nomenclature system - Carl Linnaeus, Sweden 1700's
Clade - correct answer ✔Ancestor organism and all its descendents
A "branch" on the tree of life
Members of a clade = monophyletic group
Types of Phylogenetic Groups - correct answer ✔MONOphyletic = taxon = clade
PARAphyletic = ancestor and desc. MINUS one (or several) monophyletic groups
POLYphyletic = any other group
Cladograms - correct answer ✔Based on SYNapomorphies
, Derived = different from ancestral condition
Apomorphies = derived characters found in found in several members, but not ancestor
SYNapomorphy - correct answer ✔derived traits shared by related taxa & found in their most recent
common ancestor
AUTapomorphy - correct answer ✔Distinct feature - found in only one member of clade
PLEISomorphy / HOMOlogy - correct answer ✔An ancestral trait found at the BASIS of a cladogram
(may be lost or retained
Trait evolved from common ancestor
HOMOplasy - correct answer ✔Found in members of a tree, but NOT in the ancestor
Does NOT indicate common ancestor
result of CONVERGENCE
Outgroup - correct answer ✔close, ancient, NON-relative (for comparison)
Sister Taxon - correct answer ✔Closest relative
Chordata (phylum) - correct answer ✔Cephalocordata (Amphioxus)
Urchordata (tunicates)
Chordata synapomorphies - correct answer ✔Notochord - dorsal stiffening rod
Nerve cord - dorsal, hollow
Tail - segmented, muscular, post-anal
