BIOLOGY 161 Exam 1
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1. anatomy The study of body structure
2. physiology The study of biological function
3. macroscopic (gross), microscopic The 2 levels of anatomy
4. regional, systematic, surface Types of macroscopic anatomy
5. cytology (cells), histology (tissues) Types of microscopic anatomy
6. cytology Branch of biology concerned with the struc-
ture and function of plant and animal cells
7. histology The study of the microscopic structure of tis-
sues
8. systemic, cell The 2 levels of physiology
9. chemical Levels of Structural Organization:
atoms combine to form molecules
10. cellular Levels of Structural Organization:
cells are made up of molecules (organelles,
smooth muscle cell)
11. tissue Levels of Structural Organization:
consist of similar types of cells
12. tissue groups of similar cells that have a common
function
13. organ Levels of Structural Organization:
made up of different types of tissues (w/
boundaries)
ex: blood vessel = organ is made of smooth
, BIOLOGY 161 Exam 1
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muscle tissue, connective tissue, epithelial
tissue
14. organ system Levels of Structural Organization:
consist of different organs closely working
together
15. organism Levels of Structural Organization:
made up of organ systems
16. organ Structure that has a definite anatomical
boundaries and is comprised of 2 or more
types of tissues
17. organ system Group of organs that work together to per-
form a basic function
18. cell smallest unit of life
19. integumentary Systems:
Forms the external body covering, and pro-
tects deeper tissues from injury. Synthesizes
vitamin D and houses cutaneous (pain, pres-
sure, etc.) receptors and sweat oil glands.
20. skeletal Systems:
Protects and supports body organs, and pro-
vides a framework the muscles use to cause
movement. Blood cells are formed within
bones. Bones store minerals.
21. muscular Systems:
Allows manipulation of the environment, lo-
, BIOLOGY 161 Exam 1
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comotion, and facial expression. Maintains
posture and produces heat.
22. nervous Systems:
As the fast-acting control system of the
body, it responds to internal and external
changes by activating appropriate muscles
and glands.
23. endocrine Systems:
Glands secrete hormones that regulate
processes such as growth, reproduction, and
nutrient use (metabolism) by body cells
24. cardiovascular Systems:
Blood vessels transport blood, which carries
oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, waste, etc.
The heart pumps blood.
25. lymphatic/immunity Systems:
Picks up fluid leaked from blood vessels and
returns it to blood. Disposes of debris in the
lymphatic stream. Houses white blood cells
(lymphocytes) involved in immunity. The im-
mune response mounts the attack against
foreign substances within the body.
26. respiratory Systems:
Keeps blood constantly supplied with oxygen
and removes CO2. These exchanges occur
through the walls of the air sacs of the lungs.
27. digestive
, BIOLOGY 161 Exam 1
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Systems:
Breaks down food into absorbable units that
enter the blood for distribution to body cells.
Indigestible foodstuffs are eliminated as fe-
ces.
28. urinary Systems:
Eliminates nitrogenous waste from the body.
Regulates water, electrolyte, and acid-base
balance of the blood.
29. reproductive (male/female) Systems:
Overall function is production of offspring.
Testes produce sperm and male sex hor-
mone. and male ducts and glands aid in de-
livery of sperm to the female reproductive
tract. Ovaries produce eggs and female sex
hormones. The remaining female structures
serve as sites for fertilization and develop-
ment of the fetus. Mammary glands of female
breasts produce milk to nourish the new-
born.
30. maintenance of boundaries, movement, Life functions:
response to stimuli, digestion, metabo- 1. Ma...
lism, excretion, reproduction, growth 2. Mo...
3. R...
4. D...
5. Me...
6. E...
7. R...
8. G...
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_6yj3k6
1. anatomy The study of body structure
2. physiology The study of biological function
3. macroscopic (gross), microscopic The 2 levels of anatomy
4. regional, systematic, surface Types of macroscopic anatomy
5. cytology (cells), histology (tissues) Types of microscopic anatomy
6. cytology Branch of biology concerned with the struc-
ture and function of plant and animal cells
7. histology The study of the microscopic structure of tis-
sues
8. systemic, cell The 2 levels of physiology
9. chemical Levels of Structural Organization:
atoms combine to form molecules
10. cellular Levels of Structural Organization:
cells are made up of molecules (organelles,
smooth muscle cell)
11. tissue Levels of Structural Organization:
consist of similar types of cells
12. tissue groups of similar cells that have a common
function
13. organ Levels of Structural Organization:
made up of different types of tissues (w/
boundaries)
ex: blood vessel = organ is made of smooth
, BIOLOGY 161 Exam 1
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_6yj3k6
muscle tissue, connective tissue, epithelial
tissue
14. organ system Levels of Structural Organization:
consist of different organs closely working
together
15. organism Levels of Structural Organization:
made up of organ systems
16. organ Structure that has a definite anatomical
boundaries and is comprised of 2 or more
types of tissues
17. organ system Group of organs that work together to per-
form a basic function
18. cell smallest unit of life
19. integumentary Systems:
Forms the external body covering, and pro-
tects deeper tissues from injury. Synthesizes
vitamin D and houses cutaneous (pain, pres-
sure, etc.) receptors and sweat oil glands.
20. skeletal Systems:
Protects and supports body organs, and pro-
vides a framework the muscles use to cause
movement. Blood cells are formed within
bones. Bones store minerals.
21. muscular Systems:
Allows manipulation of the environment, lo-
, BIOLOGY 161 Exam 1
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_6yj3k6
comotion, and facial expression. Maintains
posture and produces heat.
22. nervous Systems:
As the fast-acting control system of the
body, it responds to internal and external
changes by activating appropriate muscles
and glands.
23. endocrine Systems:
Glands secrete hormones that regulate
processes such as growth, reproduction, and
nutrient use (metabolism) by body cells
24. cardiovascular Systems:
Blood vessels transport blood, which carries
oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, waste, etc.
The heart pumps blood.
25. lymphatic/immunity Systems:
Picks up fluid leaked from blood vessels and
returns it to blood. Disposes of debris in the
lymphatic stream. Houses white blood cells
(lymphocytes) involved in immunity. The im-
mune response mounts the attack against
foreign substances within the body.
26. respiratory Systems:
Keeps blood constantly supplied with oxygen
and removes CO2. These exchanges occur
through the walls of the air sacs of the lungs.
27. digestive
, BIOLOGY 161 Exam 1
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_6yj3k6
Systems:
Breaks down food into absorbable units that
enter the blood for distribution to body cells.
Indigestible foodstuffs are eliminated as fe-
ces.
28. urinary Systems:
Eliminates nitrogenous waste from the body.
Regulates water, electrolyte, and acid-base
balance of the blood.
29. reproductive (male/female) Systems:
Overall function is production of offspring.
Testes produce sperm and male sex hor-
mone. and male ducts and glands aid in de-
livery of sperm to the female reproductive
tract. Ovaries produce eggs and female sex
hormones. The remaining female structures
serve as sites for fertilization and develop-
ment of the fetus. Mammary glands of female
breasts produce milk to nourish the new-
born.
30. maintenance of boundaries, movement, Life functions:
response to stimuli, digestion, metabo- 1. Ma...
lism, excretion, reproduction, growth 2. Mo...
3. R...
4. D...
5. Me...
6. E...
7. R...
8. G...
