1.3: Rise of Nazis/Collapse of Weimar: 1929–Jan 1933 HITLER + THE NAZI PARTY RISE + APPEAL OF NAZISM
Traditional Voters: Manual Industry Workers due to long term unemployment. Nazi Ideology: Racism: survival of the fittest, Aryan
WALL STREET CRASH (29th Oct 1929) Middle Class, like lawyers and doctors. Countryside residents due to Agri. Race, Jews cancerous: H didn't create antisemitism, just
depression deepening and widespread rural poverty. a product of society. Anti-Democracy. Nationalism:
1920s Economic Boom: Germany: Higher wages and creation of assembly 'Fuhrerprinzip' = The Leadership Principle (1 Party State).
lines. Share price rises, more profit, Hire purchases. Radios/Advertising. Tariffs Socialist Policies: removed by 1934. Lacked Coherence.
Adolf Hitler (1889-1945): Born in Austro-Hungarian Empire: Parents died
(Fordney-McCumber protecting USA exports). Un-Original: Nationalism common across Europe, i.e Italy.
young. Moved to Vienna in 1907 - failed to get into Academy of Fine Arts. WW1
ignites enthusiasm - Joined Bavarian Regiment, Awarded Iron Cross First
1920s Economic Boom: America: Overproduction = falling share prices. Class: Hospitalised - gas attack. Framed the National Socialism concept. 1919: Nazi Fortunes: Dec 1924: H leaves prison,
Shares sold in Autumn 1929. PANIC: 13m shares sold in 24th Oct 1929 (Black Returns to Bavaria. creating a 2 Part Plan: Re-Establish Total party
Thursday). 29th Oct 1929 – WSC. Control + Seek power through legal means, not
a coup. 1924/25: Extreme Divisions: Regional
National Socialism: Fervent G Nationalism, Authoritarianism, Anti-
hostilities (Bavaria vs NG), Policy differences
Consequences Semitism and German 'Volk’: the master race
(Nationalist vs Anti-Capitalist). Greater Funding
for Reichstag elections: Party members up
Banks Collapse: America: No investment - fall in production/wages = DAP (German Worker’s Party): 1919: H discovers DAP, close to leader Anton 410,000 1930/31.
unemployment. Demand down so profit down. Globally: fall in purchasing power, Drexler. 1920: DAP = NSDAP. H + Drexler create the 25 Point Programme:
fall in imports/exports. Germany: no new loans, recall of US loans. Nationalist, Anti-Semitic, Anti-Capitalist. Popular: resentment/discontent,
Party Restructure: National Leader (Hitler).
Popular in Bavaria due to traditional separatism/dislike for Republican Govt.
Gauleiter (i.e. Goebbels in Berlin). Kreis
Impacts on Germany: World Trade Slumps and Unemployment rises: 1/3 Leader. ORT Leader. Well Organised and can
unemployed. Decline in price of food/raw materials due to less money: most 25 PP: Strongly nationalist policies. Openly racist and anti-semetic. infiltrate all levels of G society.
savings gone from 1923 Hyperinflation. Rise in Poverty and malnutrition . Govt. Socialist elements appeal to working class. Limitations on civil
Revenue down due to less tax but expenditure up due to unemployment pay. liberties: removing right to work, citizenship.
May 1928 Elections: Nazi Successes: NSDAP 2.6% =
BUT: WSC doesn't cause the economic crisis, instead it triggers economic 12 Seats. Membership increased x4 since 1925.
collapse: employment already at 2.5m in Spring 1929 + rising fast DAP Strengths: H popularity: membership increases to 3000+ due Organised structure/H leadership was
to popular techniques. SA/Ernst Rohm. 1921: 'The People's secure/authoritative. Absorb many other RW groups in
Individual Impacts Observer' Newspaper + support from Julius Streicher/RW newspaper late 1920s. BUT: Stable economics/social circumstances
'Der Sturmer'. Herman Goring - a landowner with a Swedish = less voting for extremist parties.
Aristocratic Wife: gains H respectability. Jul 1921: Drexler resigns, H
Trade: Slumped, demand fell rapidly (i.e. steel, machinery, new leader
chemicals). Exports down 55%. 1929: £630m - 1932: £280m Strengths of the NSDAP in 1929: Effective
political machine/H personal leadership. Gains
DAP Weaknesses: Munich Putsch: Failed: overestimated public beyond Bavaria - NG too. Maintains policy of
Employment: mass unemployment. 1929: 1.8m - 1932: 5.6m support, lack of planning. Ludendorff/Von Kahr feared failure so held legality despite poor elections in 1928.
back. 1923: 20,000 members but only localised, Nazis a fringe party Successful restructure: Gauleiters, HY,
Industry: production fell 42% to 58% in 1932 from RW groups. NSDAP banned. Propaganda success through H Propaganda. BUT: Regular changes in Party -
trial, Gains respect of RW groups, Lenient Sentence: act of Strasser/Rohm murdered, Goebbels aligns with
encouragement by Judiciary. Only 10m in Prison rather than 5 yrs, H.
Agriculture: wages/incomes fell sharply - many farms sold/collapsed writing Mein Kampf in 1924. Evaluation/Judgement
Finance: 5 major banks collapsed (i.e. Kredit Anstalt in July 1931) + Strong Party structure: Gauleiter, Kreis, ORT.: can infiltrate all levels of German Society. Clear ideology with a Broad Appeal. Strong + Quick-
50,000 businesses bankrupt - loss of financial confidence Witted orator. Able to command large crowds with a hypnotic effect. BUT H ultimately dependant on socio-political factors for his success.
Example: Austrian Bank Kredit Anstalt
ROLE OF PROPAGANDA + HITLER
Collapse of the Austrian bank Kredit Anstalt (July 1931). Feared that this was
the first of many and rushed to withdraw money from German banks. Banks ran Impact/Effectiveness: Role of H: Viewed leadership as a chance to mobilize the masses: Evaluation/Judgement
out of money and had to close. AND France blocked a loan to Germany that Newspapers clear and For Revolution + National Renewal. Aroused emotions at meetings
would have helped. BUT in 1932 there was an agreement that reparations concise: 'Der Angriff’. Posters + made it his foundations. Sought to combine 'simplification with Propaganda a central theme to
repayments could be stopped. with certain target audiences. reiteration' creating an easy appeal. Strong, Quick-witted orator ensure H/Nazi Party rise to
ROLE OF THE ELITES + ‘BACKSTAIRS INTRIGUE’ Clear Ideology with a Broad WEAKNESSES OF WEIMAR
with the ability to command large crowds with a hypnotic effect. power.
TOPIC Simplistic messaging
ANALYSIS
Appeal. Simple and easily Combined 'fanaticism and calculation', to create a sense of appealed to a broad base. H
Evaluation/Judgement
Timeline identifiable flag/uniform 'national pride and renewal' that introduced 'a message of Hope' offered realistic solutions to the
Long Term Problems/Weaknesses Key Question: Whyproblems.
did the Nazis Rise to Power? /
Effective.
Lack
Juneof1928
confidence in W.R. + Democracy leads to wider extremist voting. January 1933 Why did the Weimar Republic Collapse?
Democratic basis of Govt. not well-established to withstand the crisis. A catalyst G Authoritarian Tradition: Kaiserreich, Strong
for Nazi support, but not the determining factor – Econ already weak. Leader, Class Structure Factor Significance
Muller, Bruning, Von Papen, Schleicher, Hitler
Wall Street Economic crisis that predated H
Traditional Voters: Manual Industry Workers due to long term unemployment. Nazi Ideology: Racism: survival of the fittest, Aryan
WALL STREET CRASH (29th Oct 1929) Middle Class, like lawyers and doctors. Countryside residents due to Agri. Race, Jews cancerous: H didn't create antisemitism, just
depression deepening and widespread rural poverty. a product of society. Anti-Democracy. Nationalism:
1920s Economic Boom: Germany: Higher wages and creation of assembly 'Fuhrerprinzip' = The Leadership Principle (1 Party State).
lines. Share price rises, more profit, Hire purchases. Radios/Advertising. Tariffs Socialist Policies: removed by 1934. Lacked Coherence.
Adolf Hitler (1889-1945): Born in Austro-Hungarian Empire: Parents died
(Fordney-McCumber protecting USA exports). Un-Original: Nationalism common across Europe, i.e Italy.
young. Moved to Vienna in 1907 - failed to get into Academy of Fine Arts. WW1
ignites enthusiasm - Joined Bavarian Regiment, Awarded Iron Cross First
1920s Economic Boom: America: Overproduction = falling share prices. Class: Hospitalised - gas attack. Framed the National Socialism concept. 1919: Nazi Fortunes: Dec 1924: H leaves prison,
Shares sold in Autumn 1929. PANIC: 13m shares sold in 24th Oct 1929 (Black Returns to Bavaria. creating a 2 Part Plan: Re-Establish Total party
Thursday). 29th Oct 1929 – WSC. Control + Seek power through legal means, not
a coup. 1924/25: Extreme Divisions: Regional
National Socialism: Fervent G Nationalism, Authoritarianism, Anti-
hostilities (Bavaria vs NG), Policy differences
Consequences Semitism and German 'Volk’: the master race
(Nationalist vs Anti-Capitalist). Greater Funding
for Reichstag elections: Party members up
Banks Collapse: America: No investment - fall in production/wages = DAP (German Worker’s Party): 1919: H discovers DAP, close to leader Anton 410,000 1930/31.
unemployment. Demand down so profit down. Globally: fall in purchasing power, Drexler. 1920: DAP = NSDAP. H + Drexler create the 25 Point Programme:
fall in imports/exports. Germany: no new loans, recall of US loans. Nationalist, Anti-Semitic, Anti-Capitalist. Popular: resentment/discontent,
Party Restructure: National Leader (Hitler).
Popular in Bavaria due to traditional separatism/dislike for Republican Govt.
Gauleiter (i.e. Goebbels in Berlin). Kreis
Impacts on Germany: World Trade Slumps and Unemployment rises: 1/3 Leader. ORT Leader. Well Organised and can
unemployed. Decline in price of food/raw materials due to less money: most 25 PP: Strongly nationalist policies. Openly racist and anti-semetic. infiltrate all levels of G society.
savings gone from 1923 Hyperinflation. Rise in Poverty and malnutrition . Govt. Socialist elements appeal to working class. Limitations on civil
Revenue down due to less tax but expenditure up due to unemployment pay. liberties: removing right to work, citizenship.
May 1928 Elections: Nazi Successes: NSDAP 2.6% =
BUT: WSC doesn't cause the economic crisis, instead it triggers economic 12 Seats. Membership increased x4 since 1925.
collapse: employment already at 2.5m in Spring 1929 + rising fast DAP Strengths: H popularity: membership increases to 3000+ due Organised structure/H leadership was
to popular techniques. SA/Ernst Rohm. 1921: 'The People's secure/authoritative. Absorb many other RW groups in
Individual Impacts Observer' Newspaper + support from Julius Streicher/RW newspaper late 1920s. BUT: Stable economics/social circumstances
'Der Sturmer'. Herman Goring - a landowner with a Swedish = less voting for extremist parties.
Aristocratic Wife: gains H respectability. Jul 1921: Drexler resigns, H
Trade: Slumped, demand fell rapidly (i.e. steel, machinery, new leader
chemicals). Exports down 55%. 1929: £630m - 1932: £280m Strengths of the NSDAP in 1929: Effective
political machine/H personal leadership. Gains
DAP Weaknesses: Munich Putsch: Failed: overestimated public beyond Bavaria - NG too. Maintains policy of
Employment: mass unemployment. 1929: 1.8m - 1932: 5.6m support, lack of planning. Ludendorff/Von Kahr feared failure so held legality despite poor elections in 1928.
back. 1923: 20,000 members but only localised, Nazis a fringe party Successful restructure: Gauleiters, HY,
Industry: production fell 42% to 58% in 1932 from RW groups. NSDAP banned. Propaganda success through H Propaganda. BUT: Regular changes in Party -
trial, Gains respect of RW groups, Lenient Sentence: act of Strasser/Rohm murdered, Goebbels aligns with
encouragement by Judiciary. Only 10m in Prison rather than 5 yrs, H.
Agriculture: wages/incomes fell sharply - many farms sold/collapsed writing Mein Kampf in 1924. Evaluation/Judgement
Finance: 5 major banks collapsed (i.e. Kredit Anstalt in July 1931) + Strong Party structure: Gauleiter, Kreis, ORT.: can infiltrate all levels of German Society. Clear ideology with a Broad Appeal. Strong + Quick-
50,000 businesses bankrupt - loss of financial confidence Witted orator. Able to command large crowds with a hypnotic effect. BUT H ultimately dependant on socio-political factors for his success.
Example: Austrian Bank Kredit Anstalt
ROLE OF PROPAGANDA + HITLER
Collapse of the Austrian bank Kredit Anstalt (July 1931). Feared that this was
the first of many and rushed to withdraw money from German banks. Banks ran Impact/Effectiveness: Role of H: Viewed leadership as a chance to mobilize the masses: Evaluation/Judgement
out of money and had to close. AND France blocked a loan to Germany that Newspapers clear and For Revolution + National Renewal. Aroused emotions at meetings
would have helped. BUT in 1932 there was an agreement that reparations concise: 'Der Angriff’. Posters + made it his foundations. Sought to combine 'simplification with Propaganda a central theme to
repayments could be stopped. with certain target audiences. reiteration' creating an easy appeal. Strong, Quick-witted orator ensure H/Nazi Party rise to
ROLE OF THE ELITES + ‘BACKSTAIRS INTRIGUE’ Clear Ideology with a Broad WEAKNESSES OF WEIMAR
with the ability to command large crowds with a hypnotic effect. power.
TOPIC Simplistic messaging
ANALYSIS
Appeal. Simple and easily Combined 'fanaticism and calculation', to create a sense of appealed to a broad base. H
Evaluation/Judgement
Timeline identifiable flag/uniform 'national pride and renewal' that introduced 'a message of Hope' offered realistic solutions to the
Long Term Problems/Weaknesses Key Question: Whyproblems.
did the Nazis Rise to Power? /
Effective.
Lack
Juneof1928
confidence in W.R. + Democracy leads to wider extremist voting. January 1933 Why did the Weimar Republic Collapse?
Democratic basis of Govt. not well-established to withstand the crisis. A catalyst G Authoritarian Tradition: Kaiserreich, Strong
for Nazi support, but not the determining factor – Econ already weak. Leader, Class Structure Factor Significance
Muller, Bruning, Von Papen, Schleicher, Hitler
Wall Street Economic crisis that predated H
