NPB 101 Final Exam Questions and
Answers Graded A+
What are the functions of the renal system? - Correct answer-Homeostatically
regulates:
-[plasma ion]
-total body water
-plasma pH
-MAP
Endocrine function
-erythropoetin production
Removes toxins from plasma and eliminates in urine
Intracellular water =
Plasma + ECF = - Correct answer-6 gal
.6 gal + 2.4 gal
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,What metabolic wastes are eliminated via the renal system? - Correct answer-urea
(from protein metabolism)
urate (from nucleic acid metabolism)
creatine (from muscle breakdown)
urobilins (RBC breakdown)
Components of the renal system: - Correct answer--CV system (heart, blood, and
renal vasculature)
-Kidney
-Ureters
-Urinary bladder
-Urethra
What are the distinct regions within the kidney? - Correct answer--Outer cortex
-Inner medulla
-Pyramids
The kidney is covered by capsule, which is _____ tissue. - Correct answer-
connective
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,What is the pathway that urine is drained? - Correct answer-Pyramids → calyces
→ renal pelvis → ureter
What are the two types of nephrons in the kidney and where are they found?
Where do they drain? - Correct answer-Juxtamedullary: long loop of Henle that
enters the medulla
Cortical: major type, associated primarily with the outer cortex
Both drain into the collecting duct
Once filtrate enters the collecting duct, can it be modified further? - Correct
answer-yes
What are the 4 main structures within a nephron? - Correct answer--Bowman's
capsule
-Proximal convoluted tube
-Loop of Henle
-Distal convoluted tube
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, What are the 4 main structures associated with the vascular supply in a nephron? -
Correct answer--Afferent arteriole
-Glomerulus
-Efferent arteriole
-Peritubular capillaries
What process occurs in the glomerulus? - Correct answer-Glomerular filtration
-water, salts, nutrient molecules, and waste molecules move from the glomerulus to
the inside of the glomerular capsule = glomerular filtrate
What processes occur in the tubules? - Correct answer-1. Tubular reabsorption
-nutrient and salt molecules actively reabsorbed from convoluted tubules into the
peritubular capillary network; water flows passively
2. Tubular secretion
-certain ions/molecules are actively secreted from the peritubular capillary network
into the convoluted tubules
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Answers Graded A+
What are the functions of the renal system? - Correct answer-Homeostatically
regulates:
-[plasma ion]
-total body water
-plasma pH
-MAP
Endocrine function
-erythropoetin production
Removes toxins from plasma and eliminates in urine
Intracellular water =
Plasma + ECF = - Correct answer-6 gal
.6 gal + 2.4 gal
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1
,What metabolic wastes are eliminated via the renal system? - Correct answer-urea
(from protein metabolism)
urate (from nucleic acid metabolism)
creatine (from muscle breakdown)
urobilins (RBC breakdown)
Components of the renal system: - Correct answer--CV system (heart, blood, and
renal vasculature)
-Kidney
-Ureters
-Urinary bladder
-Urethra
What are the distinct regions within the kidney? - Correct answer--Outer cortex
-Inner medulla
-Pyramids
The kidney is covered by capsule, which is _____ tissue. - Correct answer-
connective
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2
,What is the pathway that urine is drained? - Correct answer-Pyramids → calyces
→ renal pelvis → ureter
What are the two types of nephrons in the kidney and where are they found?
Where do they drain? - Correct answer-Juxtamedullary: long loop of Henle that
enters the medulla
Cortical: major type, associated primarily with the outer cortex
Both drain into the collecting duct
Once filtrate enters the collecting duct, can it be modified further? - Correct
answer-yes
What are the 4 main structures within a nephron? - Correct answer--Bowman's
capsule
-Proximal convoluted tube
-Loop of Henle
-Distal convoluted tube
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 3
, What are the 4 main structures associated with the vascular supply in a nephron? -
Correct answer--Afferent arteriole
-Glomerulus
-Efferent arteriole
-Peritubular capillaries
What process occurs in the glomerulus? - Correct answer-Glomerular filtration
-water, salts, nutrient molecules, and waste molecules move from the glomerulus to
the inside of the glomerular capsule = glomerular filtrate
What processes occur in the tubules? - Correct answer-1. Tubular reabsorption
-nutrient and salt molecules actively reabsorbed from convoluted tubules into the
peritubular capillary network; water flows passively
2. Tubular secretion
-certain ions/molecules are actively secreted from the peritubular capillary network
into the convoluted tubules
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 4
