NUR 216 Exam #3 Questions and
Answers Latest Versions 2025 Graded
A+
What are the two main heart sounds?
S1 and S2
What is the significance of S3 and S4 heart sounds?
S3 may indicate heart failure, while S4 may suggest decreased ventricular
compliance.
What causes ejection clicks in heart sounds?
Ejection clicks are caused by stenosis of the aortic or pulmonic valve.
What is an opening snap in heart sounds?
An opening snap is caused by stenosis of the mitral or tricuspid valve,
resulting in a snapping sound during valve opening.
What is a pericardial friction rub?
A sound caused by inflammation of the pericardial sac or fluid in the
pericardial layers.
What are the two types of heart murmurs?
Innocent (physiological) and abnormal (pathological) murmurs.
What is the most reported symptom of the cardiac system?
Angina pectoris, caused by tissue ischemia.
What diagnostic tests are commonly used in cardiovascular
assessment?
Lipid profile, CKMB, troponin test, EKG, echocardiogram, Holter monitor,
and exercise stress test.
What are the landmarks of the precordium for auscultation?
Aortic area (RSB, 2nd ICS), Pulmonic area (LSB, 2nd ICS), Erb's point
(LSB, 3rd ICS), Tricuspid valve (LSB, 4th ICS), Mitral valve (LSB, 5th ICS).
How should the client be positioned for inspecting the anterior chest?
The client should be lying supine with the head and chest elevated 30 to 45
degrees.
What abnormal findings might be noted during palpation of the
precordium?
Thrills (vibrations) and abnormal pulsations.
,Where is the apical pulse palpated?
At the 5th left intercostal space at the midclavicular line.
What should be compared while palpating pulses?
The apical pulse should be compared with the carotid or radial pulse for
rhythm and rate.
What is the point of maximal impulse?
The apical pulse, typically located at the 5th left intercostal space at the
midclavicular line.
What technique is used to auscultate heart sounds?
Using the diaphragm of the stethoscope at the five landmark sites.
What should be listened for while auscultating heart sounds?
S1, S2, rhythm, and any abnormal or extra heart sounds.
What is the purpose of having the client lean forward during
auscultation?
To better hear low-pitched heart sounds using the bell of the stethoscope.
What position should the client be in for auscultating the apical area?
The client should lie on their left lateral side.
What are the risk factors for cardiac disease?
Family history, medication history, and lifestyle factors.
What is the significance of creating a genogram in health history?
A genogram helps identify genetic risk factors for cardiac disease.
What is the leading cause of death among women related to
cardiovascular health?
Heart disease, causing 1/3 of deaths each year.
What condition is characterized by narrowed or blocked arteries due
to atherosclerosis?
Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD)
What are common symptoms of Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD)?
Intermittent claudication, numbness or weakness in legs, changes in skin
color, temperature, texture, hair loss, wounds that don't heal, weak pulse,
erectile dysfunction.
What condition involves problems with veins where valves allow
backflow of blood?
Peripheral Venous Disease (PVD)
What are typical symptoms of Peripheral Venous Disease (PVD)?
, Swelling/edema, heaviness/tightness in legs, spider veins or varicose
veins, difficulty standing for long periods, burning or cramping in
thighs/calves, itching around veins.
What mnemonic can help differentiate between PVD and PAD?
VEINY for PVD: Voluptuous pulses, Edema, Irregular shaped sores, No
sharp pain, Yellow and Brown ankles; ARTS for PAD: Absent pulses,
Round shaped sores, Toes and feet are pale or bright red, Sharp calf pain.
What are the risk factors for lymphedema?
Family history of lymphedema, removal of lymph nodes, invasive surgery,
radiation therapy, chemotherapy, morbid obesity.
What abnormal findings indicate enlarged lymph nodes?
Enlarged > 1 cm, matted (group of fused lymph nodes), hard, tender.
What is the proper technique for auscultating the carotid arteries?
Ask the client to take a breath in and hold it, then use a stethoscope to
listen for a bruit, which is an abnormal sound indicating obstruction.
What does visible jugular venous distention indicate?
Increased central venous pressure, often seen in congestive heart failure
and fluid overload.
What should be inspected when assessing the upper extremities?
Symmetry, color, texture, edema, fingernail beds for color, nail thickness,
and profile sign (clubbing).
What are signs of altered peripheral circulation in the upper
extremities?
Discoloration, change in skin texture, cool extremities, unilateral edema,
enlarged epitrochlear nodes, cellulitis, ulcerations.
What is pitting edema?
Accumulation of fluid in tissues where an indentation remains after
pressure is applied.
What should be assessed when inspecting/palpating the lower
extremities?
Color, symmetry, texture, edema, nail thickness, temperature, and pulses
(popliteal, posterior tibial, dorsalis pedis).
What are abnormal findings in the lower extremities?
Color discoloration, decreased texture, loss of hair, cool skin temperature,
thick toenails, presence of bilateral or unilateral edema, varicose veins,
lymphedema.
What is the significance of assessing the epitrochlear lymph nodes?
Answers Latest Versions 2025 Graded
A+
What are the two main heart sounds?
S1 and S2
What is the significance of S3 and S4 heart sounds?
S3 may indicate heart failure, while S4 may suggest decreased ventricular
compliance.
What causes ejection clicks in heart sounds?
Ejection clicks are caused by stenosis of the aortic or pulmonic valve.
What is an opening snap in heart sounds?
An opening snap is caused by stenosis of the mitral or tricuspid valve,
resulting in a snapping sound during valve opening.
What is a pericardial friction rub?
A sound caused by inflammation of the pericardial sac or fluid in the
pericardial layers.
What are the two types of heart murmurs?
Innocent (physiological) and abnormal (pathological) murmurs.
What is the most reported symptom of the cardiac system?
Angina pectoris, caused by tissue ischemia.
What diagnostic tests are commonly used in cardiovascular
assessment?
Lipid profile, CKMB, troponin test, EKG, echocardiogram, Holter monitor,
and exercise stress test.
What are the landmarks of the precordium for auscultation?
Aortic area (RSB, 2nd ICS), Pulmonic area (LSB, 2nd ICS), Erb's point
(LSB, 3rd ICS), Tricuspid valve (LSB, 4th ICS), Mitral valve (LSB, 5th ICS).
How should the client be positioned for inspecting the anterior chest?
The client should be lying supine with the head and chest elevated 30 to 45
degrees.
What abnormal findings might be noted during palpation of the
precordium?
Thrills (vibrations) and abnormal pulsations.
,Where is the apical pulse palpated?
At the 5th left intercostal space at the midclavicular line.
What should be compared while palpating pulses?
The apical pulse should be compared with the carotid or radial pulse for
rhythm and rate.
What is the point of maximal impulse?
The apical pulse, typically located at the 5th left intercostal space at the
midclavicular line.
What technique is used to auscultate heart sounds?
Using the diaphragm of the stethoscope at the five landmark sites.
What should be listened for while auscultating heart sounds?
S1, S2, rhythm, and any abnormal or extra heart sounds.
What is the purpose of having the client lean forward during
auscultation?
To better hear low-pitched heart sounds using the bell of the stethoscope.
What position should the client be in for auscultating the apical area?
The client should lie on their left lateral side.
What are the risk factors for cardiac disease?
Family history, medication history, and lifestyle factors.
What is the significance of creating a genogram in health history?
A genogram helps identify genetic risk factors for cardiac disease.
What is the leading cause of death among women related to
cardiovascular health?
Heart disease, causing 1/3 of deaths each year.
What condition is characterized by narrowed or blocked arteries due
to atherosclerosis?
Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD)
What are common symptoms of Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD)?
Intermittent claudication, numbness or weakness in legs, changes in skin
color, temperature, texture, hair loss, wounds that don't heal, weak pulse,
erectile dysfunction.
What condition involves problems with veins where valves allow
backflow of blood?
Peripheral Venous Disease (PVD)
What are typical symptoms of Peripheral Venous Disease (PVD)?
, Swelling/edema, heaviness/tightness in legs, spider veins or varicose
veins, difficulty standing for long periods, burning or cramping in
thighs/calves, itching around veins.
What mnemonic can help differentiate between PVD and PAD?
VEINY for PVD: Voluptuous pulses, Edema, Irregular shaped sores, No
sharp pain, Yellow and Brown ankles; ARTS for PAD: Absent pulses,
Round shaped sores, Toes and feet are pale or bright red, Sharp calf pain.
What are the risk factors for lymphedema?
Family history of lymphedema, removal of lymph nodes, invasive surgery,
radiation therapy, chemotherapy, morbid obesity.
What abnormal findings indicate enlarged lymph nodes?
Enlarged > 1 cm, matted (group of fused lymph nodes), hard, tender.
What is the proper technique for auscultating the carotid arteries?
Ask the client to take a breath in and hold it, then use a stethoscope to
listen for a bruit, which is an abnormal sound indicating obstruction.
What does visible jugular venous distention indicate?
Increased central venous pressure, often seen in congestive heart failure
and fluid overload.
What should be inspected when assessing the upper extremities?
Symmetry, color, texture, edema, fingernail beds for color, nail thickness,
and profile sign (clubbing).
What are signs of altered peripheral circulation in the upper
extremities?
Discoloration, change in skin texture, cool extremities, unilateral edema,
enlarged epitrochlear nodes, cellulitis, ulcerations.
What is pitting edema?
Accumulation of fluid in tissues where an indentation remains after
pressure is applied.
What should be assessed when inspecting/palpating the lower
extremities?
Color, symmetry, texture, edema, nail thickness, temperature, and pulses
(popliteal, posterior tibial, dorsalis pedis).
What are abnormal findings in the lower extremities?
Color discoloration, decreased texture, loss of hair, cool skin temperature,
thick toenails, presence of bilateral or unilateral edema, varicose veins,
lymphedema.
What is the significance of assessing the epitrochlear lymph nodes?
