Advanced Pharmacology Final Exam with A+ Graded
answers .Ace your exams with confidence
Providers should use an antibiogram when prescribing. An antibiogram is:
A. The other name for the CDC guidelines for prescribing antibiotics
B. An algorithm used for prescribing antibiotics for certain infections
C. The reference also known as the Pink Book, published by the CDC
D. A chart of the local resistance patterns to antibiotics developed by laboratories
-Answer- D. A chart of the local resistance patterns to antibiotics developed by laboratories
There is often cross-sensitivity and cross-resistance between penicillins and cephalosporins
because:
A. Renal excretion is similar in both classes of drugs.
B. When these drug classes are metabolized in the liver they both produce resistant
enzymes.
C. Both drug classes contain a beta-lactam ring that is vulnerable to beta-lactamase-
producing organisms.
D. There is not an issue with cross-resistance between the penicillins and cephalosporins.
-Answer- C. Both drug classes contain a beta-lactam ring that is vulnerable to beta-
lactamase-producing organisms
Jonathan (age 16 yrs) has been diagnosed with strep throat and needs a prescription for an
antibiotic. He says the last time he had penicillin, he developed a red, blotchy rash with
hives all over his body. An appropriate antibiotic to prescribe would be:
A. Penicillin V, because his rash does not sound like a serious rash
B. Amoxicillin
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,C. Cefadroxil (Duricef)
D. Azithromycin
-Answer- D. Azithromycin
Pong-tai is a 12-month-old child who is being treated with amoxicillin for acute otitis media.
His parents call the clinic and say he has developed diarrhea. The appropriate action would
be to:
A. Advise the parents that some diarrhea is normal with amoxicillin and recommend
probiotics daily.
B. Change the antibiotic to one that is less of a gastrointestinal irritant.
C. Order stool cultures for suspected viral pathogens not treated by the amoxicillin.
D. Recommend increased fluids and fiber in his diet.
-Answer- A. Advise the parents that some diarrhea is normal with amoxicillin and
recommend probiotics daily.
A medication review of an elderly person's medications involves:
A. Asking the patient to bring a list of current prescription medications to the visit
B. Having the patient bring all of their prescription, over-the-counter, and herbal
medications to the visit
C. Asking what other providers are writing prescriptions for them
D. All of the above
-Answer- D. All of the above
What is the mechanism of a macrolid antibiotic?
A. These agents inhibit the action of DNA gyrase
B. These agents inhibit the action of cell wall
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,C. These agents bind to penicillin binding proteins
D. These agents bind to 50S ribosomal subunit inhibiting protein synthesis
-Answer- D. These agents bind to 50S ribosomal subunit inhibiting protein synthesis
Fluoroquiolones have a Black Box Warning regarding __________ even months after
treatment.
A. Renal Dysfunction
B. Hepatic Toxicity
C. Tendon Rupture
D. Development of Glaucoma
-Answer- C. Tendon Rupture
Janet was recently treated with clindamycin for an infection. She calls the advice nurse
because she is having frequent diarrhea that she thinks may have blood in it. What would
be the appropriate care for her?
A. Encourage increased fluids and fiber.
B. Assess her for pseudomembranous colitis.
C. Advise her to eat yogurt daily to help restore her gut bacteria.
D. Start her on an antidiarrheal medication.
-Answer- B. Assess her for pseudomembranous colitis.
A mother has brought her 6-year-old child to the clinic. The child has a fever of 102.8F and is
diagnosed with the flu. What medication will the nurse suggest for this child?
A. Amoxicillin
B. Penicillin V
C. Cephalosporin
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, D. None of the Above
-Answer- D. None of the Above
Tetracyclines should not be prescribed to children younger than 8 years due to:
A. Risk of developing cartilage problems
B. Development of significant diarrhea
C. Risk of kernicterus
D. Adverse effects on bone growth/staining of teeth
-Answer- D. Adverse effects on bone growth/staining of teeth
Sadie is a 90-year-old patient who requires a new prescription. What changes in drug
distribution with aging would influence prescribing for Sadie?
A. Increased volume of distribution
B. Decreased lipid solubility
C. Decreased plasma proteins
D. Increased muscle-to-fat ratio
-Answer- B. Decreased lipid solubility
Which of the following represents the best choice of clinical agents for a child who has a
SEVERE penicillin allergy who requires antimicrobial therapy?
A. Ciprofloxacin
B. Clarithromycin
C. Amoxicillin
D. Cefexime
-Answer- B. Clarithromycin
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answers .Ace your exams with confidence
Providers should use an antibiogram when prescribing. An antibiogram is:
A. The other name for the CDC guidelines for prescribing antibiotics
B. An algorithm used for prescribing antibiotics for certain infections
C. The reference also known as the Pink Book, published by the CDC
D. A chart of the local resistance patterns to antibiotics developed by laboratories
-Answer- D. A chart of the local resistance patterns to antibiotics developed by laboratories
There is often cross-sensitivity and cross-resistance between penicillins and cephalosporins
because:
A. Renal excretion is similar in both classes of drugs.
B. When these drug classes are metabolized in the liver they both produce resistant
enzymes.
C. Both drug classes contain a beta-lactam ring that is vulnerable to beta-lactamase-
producing organisms.
D. There is not an issue with cross-resistance between the penicillins and cephalosporins.
-Answer- C. Both drug classes contain a beta-lactam ring that is vulnerable to beta-
lactamase-producing organisms
Jonathan (age 16 yrs) has been diagnosed with strep throat and needs a prescription for an
antibiotic. He says the last time he had penicillin, he developed a red, blotchy rash with
hives all over his body. An appropriate antibiotic to prescribe would be:
A. Penicillin V, because his rash does not sound like a serious rash
B. Amoxicillin
1|Page
,C. Cefadroxil (Duricef)
D. Azithromycin
-Answer- D. Azithromycin
Pong-tai is a 12-month-old child who is being treated with amoxicillin for acute otitis media.
His parents call the clinic and say he has developed diarrhea. The appropriate action would
be to:
A. Advise the parents that some diarrhea is normal with amoxicillin and recommend
probiotics daily.
B. Change the antibiotic to one that is less of a gastrointestinal irritant.
C. Order stool cultures for suspected viral pathogens not treated by the amoxicillin.
D. Recommend increased fluids and fiber in his diet.
-Answer- A. Advise the parents that some diarrhea is normal with amoxicillin and
recommend probiotics daily.
A medication review of an elderly person's medications involves:
A. Asking the patient to bring a list of current prescription medications to the visit
B. Having the patient bring all of their prescription, over-the-counter, and herbal
medications to the visit
C. Asking what other providers are writing prescriptions for them
D. All of the above
-Answer- D. All of the above
What is the mechanism of a macrolid antibiotic?
A. These agents inhibit the action of DNA gyrase
B. These agents inhibit the action of cell wall
2|Page
,C. These agents bind to penicillin binding proteins
D. These agents bind to 50S ribosomal subunit inhibiting protein synthesis
-Answer- D. These agents bind to 50S ribosomal subunit inhibiting protein synthesis
Fluoroquiolones have a Black Box Warning regarding __________ even months after
treatment.
A. Renal Dysfunction
B. Hepatic Toxicity
C. Tendon Rupture
D. Development of Glaucoma
-Answer- C. Tendon Rupture
Janet was recently treated with clindamycin for an infection. She calls the advice nurse
because she is having frequent diarrhea that she thinks may have blood in it. What would
be the appropriate care for her?
A. Encourage increased fluids and fiber.
B. Assess her for pseudomembranous colitis.
C. Advise her to eat yogurt daily to help restore her gut bacteria.
D. Start her on an antidiarrheal medication.
-Answer- B. Assess her for pseudomembranous colitis.
A mother has brought her 6-year-old child to the clinic. The child has a fever of 102.8F and is
diagnosed with the flu. What medication will the nurse suggest for this child?
A. Amoxicillin
B. Penicillin V
C. Cephalosporin
3|Page
, D. None of the Above
-Answer- D. None of the Above
Tetracyclines should not be prescribed to children younger than 8 years due to:
A. Risk of developing cartilage problems
B. Development of significant diarrhea
C. Risk of kernicterus
D. Adverse effects on bone growth/staining of teeth
-Answer- D. Adverse effects on bone growth/staining of teeth
Sadie is a 90-year-old patient who requires a new prescription. What changes in drug
distribution with aging would influence prescribing for Sadie?
A. Increased volume of distribution
B. Decreased lipid solubility
C. Decreased plasma proteins
D. Increased muscle-to-fat ratio
-Answer- B. Decreased lipid solubility
Which of the following represents the best choice of clinical agents for a child who has a
SEVERE penicillin allergy who requires antimicrobial therapy?
A. Ciprofloxacin
B. Clarithromycin
C. Amoxicillin
D. Cefexime
-Answer- B. Clarithromycin
4|Page
