Page 1 of 75
“PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM #3, PORTH PATHO CHAPT 22, CHAPTER 21 QUIZ
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY, PATHO EXAM 3 2025 “ NEWEST UPDATED EXAM 2025 – 2026
SOLVED QUESTIONS & ANSWERS VERIFIED 100% GRADED A+ (LATEST VERSION)
WELL REVISED AND HIGHLY RECOMMENDALE| ALREADY PASSED!!
How is hypersensitivity defined?
a. a disturbance in the immunological tolerance of self-antigens
b. an immunological reaction of one person to the tissue of another person
c. an altered immunological response to an antigen that results in disease
d. an undetectable immune response in the presence of antigens
c. an altered immunological response to an antigen that results in disease
What is a hypersensitivity reaction that produces a potential life threatening
allergic response called?
a. hemolytic shock
b. anaphylaxis
c. necrotizing vasculitis
d. systemic erythematosus
b. anaphylaxis
A virus-induced allergic response is expressed through a reaction that is
mediated by which class of immunoglobulins?
a. IgE
b. IgG
c. IgM
d. T cells
a. IgE
What are blood transfusion reactions an example of?
alloimmunity
During IgE-mediated hypersensitivity reaction, which leukocyte is activated?
A. neutrophils
b. monocytes
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c. eosinophils
d. t lymphocytes
c. eosinophils
During an IgE-mediated hypersensitivity reaction, what causes
bronchospasm?
smooth muscle contraction caused by histamine bound to H1 receptors
a pt is having an IgE-mediated hypersensitivity reaction. What action by they
provider is best?
give the pt a histamine
What characteristics do atopic individuals have that make them genetically
predisposed to develop allergies?
greater quantities of IgE
A student asks about the mechanism that results in type II hypersensitivity
reactions. Which description is best?
a. antibodies coat mast cells by binding to receptors that signal their
degranulation, followed by a discharge of preformed mediators
b. Antibodies bind to soluble antigens that were released into body fluids, and
the immune complexes are then deposited in the tissues
c. cytotoxic T lymphocytes or lymphokine-producing helper I 1 cells directly
attack and destroy cellular targets
d. antibodies bind to the antigens on the cell surface
d. antibodies bind to the antigens on the cell surface
When mismatched blood is administered causing an ABO incompatibility, how
are the erythrocytes destroyed?
a. complement-mediated lysis
b. phagocytosis by macrophages
c. phagocytosis in the spleen
d. natural killer cells
a. complement-mediated lysis
When antibodies are formed against red blood cell antigens of the Rh system,
how are blood cells destroyed?
a. complement-mediated lysis
b. phagocytosis by macrophages
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c. phagocytosis in the spleen
d. neutrophil granules and toxic oxygen products
c. phagocytosis in the spleen
When soluble antigens from infectious agents enter circulation, what is tissue
damage a result of?
a. a. complement-mediated lysis
b. phagocytosis by macrophages
c. phagocytosis in the spleen
d. neutrophil granules and toxic oxygen products
d. neutrophil granules and toxic oxygen products
How are target cells destroyed in a type II hypersensitivity reaction?
a. tissue damage from mast cell degranulation
b. antigen-antibody complexes deposited in vessel walls
c. cytotoxic lymphocytes attack the cell directly
d. natural killer cells
d. natural killer cells
Graves' disease is an example of which type II hypersensitivity reaction?
modulation
type III hypersensitivity reactions are a result of which of?
antibodies binding to soluble antigens that were released into body fluids and the
immune complexes being deposited in the tissues
A type IV hypersensitivity reaction causes which result?
lymphokine-producing Th-1 cells directly attacking and destroying cellular targets
In a type III hypersensitivity reaction, the harmful effects after the immune
complexes deposited in tissues are a result of what?
a. cytotoxic T cells
b. Natural killer cells
c. complement activation
d. degranulation of mast cells
c. complement activation
A healthcare professional is teaching a pt about Raynaud phenomenon and
instructs the pt to avoid cold. What is the best explanation of how cold
impacts the manifestations of the disease?
immune complexes that are deposited in capillary beds, blocking circulation
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deficiencies in which element can produce depression of both B and T cell
functions?
a. iron
b. zinc
c. iodine
d. magnesium
b. zinc
an Rh- woman gave birth to an Rh+ baby. When discussing Rho[D]
immunoglobulin with her, what info should be provided?
a. it provides protection against infection from poor immunity in the baby
b. it prevents alloimmunity and hemolytic anemia of the newborn
c. it provides necessary antibodies in case the mother doesn't breastfeed
d. in causes the intestinal tract of the newborn to produce antibodies.
b. it prevents alloimmunity and hemolytic anemia of the newborn
Tissue damage caused by the deposition of circulating immune complexes
containing antibody against the host DNA is the cause of which disease?
a. hemolytic anemia
b. pernicious anemia
c. systemic lupus erythematosus
d. myasthenia gravis
c. systemic lupus erythematosus
A pt asks the healthcare professional why tissue damage occurs in acute
rejection after organ transplantation. What response by the professional is
best?
Th1 cells release cytokines that activate infiltrating macrophages, and cytotoxic T
cells directly attack the endothelial cells of the transplanted tissue.
Which blood cell carries the carbohydrate antigens for blood type?
a. platelets
b. neutrophils
c. lymphocytes
d. erythrocytes
d. erythrocytes
a person with type O blood needs a blood transfusion. What blood type should
be prepare?
“PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM #3, PORTH PATHO CHAPT 22, CHAPTER 21 QUIZ
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY, PATHO EXAM 3 2025 “ NEWEST UPDATED EXAM 2025 – 2026
SOLVED QUESTIONS & ANSWERS VERIFIED 100% GRADED A+ (LATEST VERSION)
WELL REVISED AND HIGHLY RECOMMENDALE| ALREADY PASSED!!
How is hypersensitivity defined?
a. a disturbance in the immunological tolerance of self-antigens
b. an immunological reaction of one person to the tissue of another person
c. an altered immunological response to an antigen that results in disease
d. an undetectable immune response in the presence of antigens
c. an altered immunological response to an antigen that results in disease
What is a hypersensitivity reaction that produces a potential life threatening
allergic response called?
a. hemolytic shock
b. anaphylaxis
c. necrotizing vasculitis
d. systemic erythematosus
b. anaphylaxis
A virus-induced allergic response is expressed through a reaction that is
mediated by which class of immunoglobulins?
a. IgE
b. IgG
c. IgM
d. T cells
a. IgE
What are blood transfusion reactions an example of?
alloimmunity
During IgE-mediated hypersensitivity reaction, which leukocyte is activated?
A. neutrophils
b. monocytes
, Page 2 of 75
c. eosinophils
d. t lymphocytes
c. eosinophils
During an IgE-mediated hypersensitivity reaction, what causes
bronchospasm?
smooth muscle contraction caused by histamine bound to H1 receptors
a pt is having an IgE-mediated hypersensitivity reaction. What action by they
provider is best?
give the pt a histamine
What characteristics do atopic individuals have that make them genetically
predisposed to develop allergies?
greater quantities of IgE
A student asks about the mechanism that results in type II hypersensitivity
reactions. Which description is best?
a. antibodies coat mast cells by binding to receptors that signal their
degranulation, followed by a discharge of preformed mediators
b. Antibodies bind to soluble antigens that were released into body fluids, and
the immune complexes are then deposited in the tissues
c. cytotoxic T lymphocytes or lymphokine-producing helper I 1 cells directly
attack and destroy cellular targets
d. antibodies bind to the antigens on the cell surface
d. antibodies bind to the antigens on the cell surface
When mismatched blood is administered causing an ABO incompatibility, how
are the erythrocytes destroyed?
a. complement-mediated lysis
b. phagocytosis by macrophages
c. phagocytosis in the spleen
d. natural killer cells
a. complement-mediated lysis
When antibodies are formed against red blood cell antigens of the Rh system,
how are blood cells destroyed?
a. complement-mediated lysis
b. phagocytosis by macrophages
, Page 3 of 75
c. phagocytosis in the spleen
d. neutrophil granules and toxic oxygen products
c. phagocytosis in the spleen
When soluble antigens from infectious agents enter circulation, what is tissue
damage a result of?
a. a. complement-mediated lysis
b. phagocytosis by macrophages
c. phagocytosis in the spleen
d. neutrophil granules and toxic oxygen products
d. neutrophil granules and toxic oxygen products
How are target cells destroyed in a type II hypersensitivity reaction?
a. tissue damage from mast cell degranulation
b. antigen-antibody complexes deposited in vessel walls
c. cytotoxic lymphocytes attack the cell directly
d. natural killer cells
d. natural killer cells
Graves' disease is an example of which type II hypersensitivity reaction?
modulation
type III hypersensitivity reactions are a result of which of?
antibodies binding to soluble antigens that were released into body fluids and the
immune complexes being deposited in the tissues
A type IV hypersensitivity reaction causes which result?
lymphokine-producing Th-1 cells directly attacking and destroying cellular targets
In a type III hypersensitivity reaction, the harmful effects after the immune
complexes deposited in tissues are a result of what?
a. cytotoxic T cells
b. Natural killer cells
c. complement activation
d. degranulation of mast cells
c. complement activation
A healthcare professional is teaching a pt about Raynaud phenomenon and
instructs the pt to avoid cold. What is the best explanation of how cold
impacts the manifestations of the disease?
immune complexes that are deposited in capillary beds, blocking circulation
, Page 4 of 75
deficiencies in which element can produce depression of both B and T cell
functions?
a. iron
b. zinc
c. iodine
d. magnesium
b. zinc
an Rh- woman gave birth to an Rh+ baby. When discussing Rho[D]
immunoglobulin with her, what info should be provided?
a. it provides protection against infection from poor immunity in the baby
b. it prevents alloimmunity and hemolytic anemia of the newborn
c. it provides necessary antibodies in case the mother doesn't breastfeed
d. in causes the intestinal tract of the newborn to produce antibodies.
b. it prevents alloimmunity and hemolytic anemia of the newborn
Tissue damage caused by the deposition of circulating immune complexes
containing antibody against the host DNA is the cause of which disease?
a. hemolytic anemia
b. pernicious anemia
c. systemic lupus erythematosus
d. myasthenia gravis
c. systemic lupus erythematosus
A pt asks the healthcare professional why tissue damage occurs in acute
rejection after organ transplantation. What response by the professional is
best?
Th1 cells release cytokines that activate infiltrating macrophages, and cytotoxic T
cells directly attack the endothelial cells of the transplanted tissue.
Which blood cell carries the carbohydrate antigens for blood type?
a. platelets
b. neutrophils
c. lymphocytes
d. erythrocytes
d. erythrocytes
a person with type O blood needs a blood transfusion. What blood type should
be prepare?
