PAPER 2026 QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS
GRADED A+
◉ located between the levels of the last thoracic and third lumbar
vertebral a position where they are partially protected by ribs 11 and 12.
Answer: kidneys
◉ what do the kidneys do? Answer: filter blood
excrete waste products
maintain fluid balance
◉ an analysis of the vL and physical chemical and microscopic
properties of urine. Answer: urinalysis
◉ how much urine can the bladder hold? Answer: 200-400 mL
◉ what is the function of the urethra. Answer: discharge urine from the
body
◉ a lack of voluntary control over micturition. Answer: incontinence
,◉ failure to void urine completely or normally. Answer: retention
◉ testes produce __________ and secrete _______________. Answer:
sperm and hormones (testosterone)
◉ whats the function of the vagina. Answer: carries menstrual flow from
uterus
serves as terminal pt of birth canal
receptive organ for sex
◉ where does the uterus sit. Answer: pelvic cavity between bladder and
rectum
◉ where are the Fallopian tubes located? Answer: upper pt of the uterus
and extend laterally to the ovaries
◉ what do the ovaries secrete? Answer: estrogen and progesterone
◉ what the the functions of estrogen and progesterone. Answer:
controlling menstrual cycle
supporting pregnancy
, ◉ a bacterial infection of the lower urinary tract, more common in
females. Answer: urinary tract infection
◉ whats the plan for a UTI. Answer: urinalysis
admin antibiotics
pt edu. about hydration and hygiene
◉ an acute infection of the kidneys (upper urinary tract infection).
Answer: pyelonephritis
◉ what can you do to test for pyelonephritis. Answer: costovertebral
angle tenderness
◉ whats the plan for pyelonephritis. Answer: urinalysis
admin antibiotics
admin IV fluids
◉ stones formed in the pelvis of the kidney which obstruct urinary tract.
Answer: renal calculi (kidney stone)
◉ marked by severe cramping flank pain with nausea and vomiting.
Answer: renal colic