ESSENTIALS OF ANATOMY AND
PHYSIOLOGY
8TH EDITION
• AUTHOR(S)VALERIE C. SCANLON;
TINA SANDERS
TEST BANK
1
Reference: Ch. 1 — Levels of Organization
Question Stem: A 68-year-old post-op patient develops
progressive weakness and confusion after several days of poor
oral intake. Which explanation best connects the cellular level
to the patient's systemic decline?
Options:
A. Loss of cell membrane receptors prevents organ systems
from communicating.
B. Decreased cellular ATP production impairs organ function
and leads to system failure.
C. Increased extracellular matrix deposition at one tissue causes
,immediate organism death.
D. An isolated mutation in one cell type always leads to rapid
organ failure.
Correct Answer: B
Rationales:
• Correct (B): Reduced cellular ATP lowers active transport
and metabolic processes in many cells; as cells fail to
maintain homeostasis, organs lose function and the whole
organism declines. This links the cellular energy deficit to
systemic deterioration.
• Incorrect (A): While receptor loss can impair signaling,
organ-level failure from poor intake is more directly
explained by energy deficits than by sudden loss of
receptors.
• Incorrect (C): Excess extracellular matrix can alter tissue
function over time, but immediate organism death from
localized deposition is unlikely.
• Incorrect (D): A mutation in a single cell rarely causes rapid
organ failure unless it spreads or affects critical cell
populations.
Teaching Point: Cellular ATP underpins tissue and organ
function; energy failure disrupts systemic homeostasis.
Citation: Scanlon, V., & Sanders, T. (2021). Essentials of
Anatomy and Physiology (8th Ed.). Ch. 1.
,2
Reference: Ch. 1 — Metabolism and Homeostasis
Question Stem: A patient with septic shock shows low blood
pressure and warm extremities. Using homeostasis concepts,
which immediate nursing intervention best supports restoration
of homeostasis?
Options:
A. Encourage oral fluids to increase intravascular volume.
B. Administer prescribed IV fluids to restore circulating volume
and perfusion.
C. Apply cooling blankets to reduce metabolic demand.
D. Place the patient upright to facilitate breathing.
Correct Answer: B
Rationales:
• Correct (B): Septic shock causes vasodilation and relative
hypovolemia; IV fluid bolus directly supports blood volume
and perfusion, helping negative feedback mechanisms
restore homeostasis.
• Incorrect (A): Oral fluids are too slow and often unsafe
when perfusion is compromised or the patient is unstable.
• Incorrect (C): Cooling may reduce metabolic demand but
does not correct the primary circulatory deficit causing
hypotension.
, • Incorrect (D): Upright positioning may impair venous
return in hypotension; fluid resuscitation is the priority to
reestablish homeostatic balance.
Teaching Point: In circulatory failure, rapid IV volume
restoration supports homeostatic negative feedback.
Citation: Scanlon, V., & Sanders, T. (2021). Essentials of
Anatomy and Physiology (8th Ed.). Ch. 1.
3
Reference: Ch. 1 — Terminology and General Plan of the Body
(Directional Terms & Planes)
Question Stem: A CT image slice is described as a transverse
section through the body. Which description correctly
characterizes structures visible in that slice?
Options:
A. It divides left and right; you’ll see mediastinal structures in
profile.
B. It divides anterior and posterior; you’ll see the sternum and
spine on the same plane.
C. It divides superior and inferior; cross-sections of organs like
liver and aorta appear.
D. It divides superficial and deep; only skin layers are visible.
Correct Answer: C
Rationales:
PHYSIOLOGY
8TH EDITION
• AUTHOR(S)VALERIE C. SCANLON;
TINA SANDERS
TEST BANK
1
Reference: Ch. 1 — Levels of Organization
Question Stem: A 68-year-old post-op patient develops
progressive weakness and confusion after several days of poor
oral intake. Which explanation best connects the cellular level
to the patient's systemic decline?
Options:
A. Loss of cell membrane receptors prevents organ systems
from communicating.
B. Decreased cellular ATP production impairs organ function
and leads to system failure.
C. Increased extracellular matrix deposition at one tissue causes
,immediate organism death.
D. An isolated mutation in one cell type always leads to rapid
organ failure.
Correct Answer: B
Rationales:
• Correct (B): Reduced cellular ATP lowers active transport
and metabolic processes in many cells; as cells fail to
maintain homeostasis, organs lose function and the whole
organism declines. This links the cellular energy deficit to
systemic deterioration.
• Incorrect (A): While receptor loss can impair signaling,
organ-level failure from poor intake is more directly
explained by energy deficits than by sudden loss of
receptors.
• Incorrect (C): Excess extracellular matrix can alter tissue
function over time, but immediate organism death from
localized deposition is unlikely.
• Incorrect (D): A mutation in a single cell rarely causes rapid
organ failure unless it spreads or affects critical cell
populations.
Teaching Point: Cellular ATP underpins tissue and organ
function; energy failure disrupts systemic homeostasis.
Citation: Scanlon, V., & Sanders, T. (2021). Essentials of
Anatomy and Physiology (8th Ed.). Ch. 1.
,2
Reference: Ch. 1 — Metabolism and Homeostasis
Question Stem: A patient with septic shock shows low blood
pressure and warm extremities. Using homeostasis concepts,
which immediate nursing intervention best supports restoration
of homeostasis?
Options:
A. Encourage oral fluids to increase intravascular volume.
B. Administer prescribed IV fluids to restore circulating volume
and perfusion.
C. Apply cooling blankets to reduce metabolic demand.
D. Place the patient upright to facilitate breathing.
Correct Answer: B
Rationales:
• Correct (B): Septic shock causes vasodilation and relative
hypovolemia; IV fluid bolus directly supports blood volume
and perfusion, helping negative feedback mechanisms
restore homeostasis.
• Incorrect (A): Oral fluids are too slow and often unsafe
when perfusion is compromised or the patient is unstable.
• Incorrect (C): Cooling may reduce metabolic demand but
does not correct the primary circulatory deficit causing
hypotension.
, • Incorrect (D): Upright positioning may impair venous
return in hypotension; fluid resuscitation is the priority to
reestablish homeostatic balance.
Teaching Point: In circulatory failure, rapid IV volume
restoration supports homeostatic negative feedback.
Citation: Scanlon, V., & Sanders, T. (2021). Essentials of
Anatomy and Physiology (8th Ed.). Ch. 1.
3
Reference: Ch. 1 — Terminology and General Plan of the Body
(Directional Terms & Planes)
Question Stem: A CT image slice is described as a transverse
section through the body. Which description correctly
characterizes structures visible in that slice?
Options:
A. It divides left and right; you’ll see mediastinal structures in
profile.
B. It divides anterior and posterior; you’ll see the sternum and
spine on the same plane.
C. It divides superior and inferior; cross-sections of organs like
liver and aorta appear.
D. It divides superficial and deep; only skin layers are visible.
Correct Answer: C
Rationales:
