Page 1 of 26
FRESENIUS PCT NEW HIRE EXAM REVIEW NEWEST 2025
ACTUAL EXAM| COMPLETE 100 REAL EXAM
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
(VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+
What are the anatomical structures of the urinary system in order
of urine flow? .....ANSWER..... (2) Kidneys, (2) ureters, (1)
bladder, (1) urethra.
Which of the functions of healthy kidneys are replaced by
dialysis? .....ANSWER..... Removal of waste products, and
Regulation of fluid balance
What is the function of renin? .....ANSWER..... Renin is a hormone
produced by the kidneys with important effects on the regulation
of blood pressure, and on sodium and potassium balance
Erythropoietin .....ANSWER..... stimulates the bone marrow to
produce red blood cells (RBSc).
,Page 2 of 26
Why must the kidney activate Vitamin D? .....ANSWER..... The
kidney converts Vitamin D to Calcitriol, its activated form. This
activated form of Vitamin D helps to maintain good bone health
by helping absorb calcium from foods eaten
What causes renal osteodystrophy (bone disease)?
.....ANSWER..... No longer produce calcitriol - the active form of
Vitamin D o Inadequate or lacking calcitriol causes
demineralization of the bone - bone begins to break down to
release the calcium needed for body functioning No longer
excrete excess phosphorus (PO4) o Phosphorus is found in most
foods and beverages o Increased PO4 levels cause further
calcium bone loss
What are the body fluid compartments? .....ANSWER.....
Intracellular-inside the cells • Extracellular-outside the cells •
Intravascular-inside the blood vessels • Interstitial-between the
cells
, Page 3 of 26
What is homeostasis? .....ANSWER..... Maintaining a stable
internal environment
uremia .....ANSWER..... build up of waste
What is a semi-permeable membrane? .....ANSWER..... A
membrane made from protein, with small pores or holes. Only
certain molecules can fit through.
At what point during the hemodialysis treatment will diffusion
cease to occur? .....ANSWER..... Diffusion will continue throughout
the dialysis treatment until the concentration of each electrolyte
found in the patient's blood is equal to the electrolyte
concentration in the dialysate.
What is countercurrent flow? .....ANSWER..... Blood and dialysate
flow in opposite directions
What happens to diffusion when dialyzer fibers clot?
.....ANSWER..... Clotted fibers cause the permeability of the fiber
to be reduced or eliminated, causing a decrease in treatment
FRESENIUS PCT NEW HIRE EXAM REVIEW NEWEST 2025
ACTUAL EXAM| COMPLETE 100 REAL EXAM
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
(VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+
What are the anatomical structures of the urinary system in order
of urine flow? .....ANSWER..... (2) Kidneys, (2) ureters, (1)
bladder, (1) urethra.
Which of the functions of healthy kidneys are replaced by
dialysis? .....ANSWER..... Removal of waste products, and
Regulation of fluid balance
What is the function of renin? .....ANSWER..... Renin is a hormone
produced by the kidneys with important effects on the regulation
of blood pressure, and on sodium and potassium balance
Erythropoietin .....ANSWER..... stimulates the bone marrow to
produce red blood cells (RBSc).
,Page 2 of 26
Why must the kidney activate Vitamin D? .....ANSWER..... The
kidney converts Vitamin D to Calcitriol, its activated form. This
activated form of Vitamin D helps to maintain good bone health
by helping absorb calcium from foods eaten
What causes renal osteodystrophy (bone disease)?
.....ANSWER..... No longer produce calcitriol - the active form of
Vitamin D o Inadequate or lacking calcitriol causes
demineralization of the bone - bone begins to break down to
release the calcium needed for body functioning No longer
excrete excess phosphorus (PO4) o Phosphorus is found in most
foods and beverages o Increased PO4 levels cause further
calcium bone loss
What are the body fluid compartments? .....ANSWER.....
Intracellular-inside the cells • Extracellular-outside the cells •
Intravascular-inside the blood vessels • Interstitial-between the
cells
, Page 3 of 26
What is homeostasis? .....ANSWER..... Maintaining a stable
internal environment
uremia .....ANSWER..... build up of waste
What is a semi-permeable membrane? .....ANSWER..... A
membrane made from protein, with small pores or holes. Only
certain molecules can fit through.
At what point during the hemodialysis treatment will diffusion
cease to occur? .....ANSWER..... Diffusion will continue throughout
the dialysis treatment until the concentration of each electrolyte
found in the patient's blood is equal to the electrolyte
concentration in the dialysate.
What is countercurrent flow? .....ANSWER..... Blood and dialysate
flow in opposite directions
What happens to diffusion when dialyzer fibers clot?
.....ANSWER..... Clotted fibers cause the permeability of the fiber
to be reduced or eliminated, causing a decrease in treatment
