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Pharmacology in Nursing (Chamberlain Nursing College)
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, TABLE OF CONTENTS
PREFACE ii
INSTRUCTOR’S NOTES iii
CHAPTER 1: Some Basic Pharmacology 1
CHAPTER 2: Behavioral Analysis of Drug Effects 17
CHAPTER 3: How We Adapt To Drugs – Tolerance, 26
Sensitization, and Expectation
CHAPTER 4: Neurophysiology, Neurotransmitters, and the 36
Nervous System
CHAPTER 5: Substance Use and Addictive Disorders 50
CHAPTER 6: Alcohol 61
CHAPTER 7: Anxiolytics and Sedative-Hypnotics 74
CHAPTER 8: Tobacco and Nicotine 83
CHAPTER 9: Caffeine and the Methylxanthines 92
CHAPTER 10: Psychomotor Stimulants 102
CHAPTER 11: Opioids 113
CHAPTER 12: Antipsychotic Drugs 122
CHAPTER 13: Antidepressants 131
CHAPTER 14: Cannabis 139
CHAPTER 15: Hallucinogens, Phantasticants, and Club Drugs 147
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, PREFACE
Here is the Instructor's Manual for the 7th edition of Drugs and Behavior.
Each chapter test bank starts with a summary of the chapter. The test bank questions include at
least 30 multiple choice questions, 15 short answer questions, and 5 essay questions per chapter
and cover the majority of the content of each chapter. All questions are categorized according to
Bloom's taxonomy of learning from Knowing to Hypothesize in order to facilitate test
construction at the desirable level of testing.
The 7th edition is vastly different from the 6th edition. Although all chapters have the same
internal organization as in previous editions, numerous new tables and graphs have been added
to facilitate understanding and learning of the material. Most sections have been updated to
reflect advances in research and changes in patterns of drug use and treatment. This is reflected
in an increased emphasis on psychotherapeutic drugs, and the omission of the chapter on
inhalants.
Thank you for choosing Drugs and Behavior, 7th Edition, and best wishes.
William A. McKim, Stephanie D. Hancock
Anna Hicks
Downloaded by Alexandra McMillan ()
, INSTRUCTOR’S NOTES
The first chapter introduces some of the basic concepts of pharmacology to the beginning
student. It is not meant to turn the student into a pharmacologist, but should supply enough
information that the student will be able to understand these concepts when they encounter them
later in the book. In fact, later chapters about specific classes of drugs each contain sections that
deal with many of the concepts from Chapter 1, such as pharmacokinetics. Students therefore
should be familiar with the material in this chapter in order to get the most out of the rest of the
book. Nevertheless, it has been my experience that many students do not fully understand many
of these basic concepts until they are reintroduced to them a few times later in the book and they
can see more clearly how these concepts relate to the effects of specific drugs. For this reason, it
is always a good idea to illustrate the material in this chapter with examples. The book provides
quite a few examples, but it may be beneficial to provide more.
Most students already have some familiarity with recreational drugs and medicines. They
have encountered and perhaps been confused by drug names, they know that the effects of drugs
do not last forever and that dose is important, and that different drugs are administered by
different routes. As a result, there is always a natural curiosity about the mechanisms in the body
responsible for these changes. In addition, most have heard of terminology such as LD50 and
half-life and so it is usually not difficult to engage a student's interest in a precise description of
what these terms actually mean.
In many cases we often hear and use terms like “side effects”, “antagonism”, and
“potency” without knowing what they really mean. Students are usually eager to understand
these concepts and are often surprised to find out that they did not really understand them. In
fact, the distinction between potency and effectiveness is sometimes not fully appreciated by
experienced researchers. The acquisition of language is an important goal of this chapter.
We have found that students have the most difficulty with the concept of pKa, and at one
point we considered leaving it out of the chapter and substituting a brief statement such as “drugs
that are bases are not easily absorbed when taken orally”. This is, after all, a major implication
of pKa and an important one for students to know. We did not do this, however, because
understanding the concept of pKa makes it easier to understand many other facts encountered
elsewhere in the text, such as free-basing of psychomotor stimulants, for example. The effort, in
this case, is worth it.
Chapter 2 is designed to be a review of basic Psychology concepts, particularly
concerning research designs that are applicable to Behavioral Pharmacology. Most students with
a background in Psychology will already be familiar with this material and most of the ideas
introduced in this chapter. Nevertheless, it serves as a useful review and draws the students'
attention to concepts that are particularly relevant to material covered later in the book. Particular
attention is drawn to experimental control, especially the use of placebo controls in drug
research.
iii
Downloaded by Alexandra McMillan ()
Pharmacology in Nursing (Chamberlain Nursing College)
Downloaded by Alexandra McMillan ()
, TABLE OF CONTENTS
PREFACE ii
INSTRUCTOR’S NOTES iii
CHAPTER 1: Some Basic Pharmacology 1
CHAPTER 2: Behavioral Analysis of Drug Effects 17
CHAPTER 3: How We Adapt To Drugs – Tolerance, 26
Sensitization, and Expectation
CHAPTER 4: Neurophysiology, Neurotransmitters, and the 36
Nervous System
CHAPTER 5: Substance Use and Addictive Disorders 50
CHAPTER 6: Alcohol 61
CHAPTER 7: Anxiolytics and Sedative-Hypnotics 74
CHAPTER 8: Tobacco and Nicotine 83
CHAPTER 9: Caffeine and the Methylxanthines 92
CHAPTER 10: Psychomotor Stimulants 102
CHAPTER 11: Opioids 113
CHAPTER 12: Antipsychotic Drugs 122
CHAPTER 13: Antidepressants 131
CHAPTER 14: Cannabis 139
CHAPTER 15: Hallucinogens, Phantasticants, and Club Drugs 147
Downloaded by Alexandra McMillan ()
, PREFACE
Here is the Instructor's Manual for the 7th edition of Drugs and Behavior.
Each chapter test bank starts with a summary of the chapter. The test bank questions include at
least 30 multiple choice questions, 15 short answer questions, and 5 essay questions per chapter
and cover the majority of the content of each chapter. All questions are categorized according to
Bloom's taxonomy of learning from Knowing to Hypothesize in order to facilitate test
construction at the desirable level of testing.
The 7th edition is vastly different from the 6th edition. Although all chapters have the same
internal organization as in previous editions, numerous new tables and graphs have been added
to facilitate understanding and learning of the material. Most sections have been updated to
reflect advances in research and changes in patterns of drug use and treatment. This is reflected
in an increased emphasis on psychotherapeutic drugs, and the omission of the chapter on
inhalants.
Thank you for choosing Drugs and Behavior, 7th Edition, and best wishes.
William A. McKim, Stephanie D. Hancock
Anna Hicks
Downloaded by Alexandra McMillan ()
, INSTRUCTOR’S NOTES
The first chapter introduces some of the basic concepts of pharmacology to the beginning
student. It is not meant to turn the student into a pharmacologist, but should supply enough
information that the student will be able to understand these concepts when they encounter them
later in the book. In fact, later chapters about specific classes of drugs each contain sections that
deal with many of the concepts from Chapter 1, such as pharmacokinetics. Students therefore
should be familiar with the material in this chapter in order to get the most out of the rest of the
book. Nevertheless, it has been my experience that many students do not fully understand many
of these basic concepts until they are reintroduced to them a few times later in the book and they
can see more clearly how these concepts relate to the effects of specific drugs. For this reason, it
is always a good idea to illustrate the material in this chapter with examples. The book provides
quite a few examples, but it may be beneficial to provide more.
Most students already have some familiarity with recreational drugs and medicines. They
have encountered and perhaps been confused by drug names, they know that the effects of drugs
do not last forever and that dose is important, and that different drugs are administered by
different routes. As a result, there is always a natural curiosity about the mechanisms in the body
responsible for these changes. In addition, most have heard of terminology such as LD50 and
half-life and so it is usually not difficult to engage a student's interest in a precise description of
what these terms actually mean.
In many cases we often hear and use terms like “side effects”, “antagonism”, and
“potency” without knowing what they really mean. Students are usually eager to understand
these concepts and are often surprised to find out that they did not really understand them. In
fact, the distinction between potency and effectiveness is sometimes not fully appreciated by
experienced researchers. The acquisition of language is an important goal of this chapter.
We have found that students have the most difficulty with the concept of pKa, and at one
point we considered leaving it out of the chapter and substituting a brief statement such as “drugs
that are bases are not easily absorbed when taken orally”. This is, after all, a major implication
of pKa and an important one for students to know. We did not do this, however, because
understanding the concept of pKa makes it easier to understand many other facts encountered
elsewhere in the text, such as free-basing of psychomotor stimulants, for example. The effort, in
this case, is worth it.
Chapter 2 is designed to be a review of basic Psychology concepts, particularly
concerning research designs that are applicable to Behavioral Pharmacology. Most students with
a background in Psychology will already be familiar with this material and most of the ideas
introduced in this chapter. Nevertheless, it serves as a useful review and draws the students'
attention to concepts that are particularly relevant to material covered later in the book. Particular
attention is drawn to experimental control, especially the use of placebo controls in drug
research.
iii
Downloaded by Alexandra McMillan ()
