CHAPTER 38- HUMAN DISEASES CAUSED BY VIRUSES
AND PRIONS || A+ GUARANTEED.
chickenpox (varicella) correct answers -cause = enveloped, dsDNA varicella-zoster virus,
member of Herpesviridae
-Humans serve as reservoir and source
-Acquired by droplet inhalation into respiratory system
-Highly contagious
shingles (herpes zoster) correct answers -Reactivated form of chickenpox
-Virus resides in cranial and sensory neurons in dorsal root ganglion (viral DNA in latent
stage)
-Reactivation = virus migrates down neuron; factors: AIDS, age, cancers, stress, and
transplants
influenza (flu) correct answers -Respiratory system disease
-RNA virus, segmented genome, negative-strand
-Numerous animal reservoirs
-Acquired by inhalation or ingestion of respiratory secretions
>Viral particles adhere to cells of host respiratory epithelium by hemagglutinin spike
proteins
-Subtypes based on hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA)
antigenic drift correct answers due to accumulation of mutations in a strain within a
geographic area
antigenic shift correct answers due to assortment of genomes when 2 different strains of flu
viruses infect the same cell and are incorporated into a single new capsid; large change
postherpetic neuralgia correct answers painful vesicles because of sensory nerve damage in
shingles
measles (rubeola) correct answers -Contagious skin disease
-Rash caused by an RNA virus
>Receptors on activated B and T cells
-Enters body through respiratory tract or conjunctiva of the eyes
-Symptomatic/supportive theory, no specific treatment
-Attenuated MMR vaccine
-Skin eruptions occur as erythematous (red) maculopapular (discolored area of small bumps)
lesions that are first discrete but gradually become confluent
Koplik's spots correct answers lesions of oral cavity; skin eruption
subacute sclerosing panencephalitis correct answers rare progressive degeneration of CNS by
measles virus
mumps correct answers -Caused by RNA virus transmitted via saliva and respiratory droplets
-Develop for 16-18 days after infection
-Fever and swelling and tenderness of salivary glands
, -Complications including meningitis and orchitis (inflammation of testis)
mumps virions correct answers pleomorphic, enveloped, and contain helical nucleocapsid
containing negative strand RNA
acute respiratory viruses correct answers viruses that cause respiratory syndromes and viral
pneumonia
respiratory syndromes correct answers Rhinitis, tonsillitis, laryngitis, bronchitis, and
pneumonia
respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) correct answers -In children, the most dangerous respiratory
infection.
-Negative-strand RNA virus causing formation of syncytia
-Spread by hand contact and respiratory secretions
respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) correct answers -Acute onset of fever, cough, rhibitis, nasal
congestion
-May progress quickly to bronchitis/viral pneumonia
rubella (German measles) correct answers -Enveloped RNA virus
-Mild brief rash acquired from respiratory droplets
-Attenuated vaccine reduces cases to 1000 and 10 congenital rubella cases per year
congenital rubella syndrome correct answers -Disastrous disease in the first trimester of
pregnancy
-Can lead to fetal death, premature delivery, or congenital defects
severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) correct answers -Highly contagious viral disease
caused by corona virus transmitted by droplet spread
-Can be fatal
-Sudden onset, severe illness in healthy individuals
-Dry cough develops in days
-Most will develop pneumonia
smallpox (variola) correct answers -Caused by variola virus (large, brick-shaped complex
virus; linear dsDNA)
-Transmitted by aerosol or contact.
-Humans are the only natural host.
-Begins with prodome of systemic aches--onset of fever, rash
variola virus correct answers large, brick-shaped complex virus; linear dsDNA; causes
smallpox
variola major correct answers most common, severe form of smallpox
extensive rash and higher fever
33% fatality rate
variola minor correct answers less common form and less severe
fatality rates of 1% or less
AND PRIONS || A+ GUARANTEED.
chickenpox (varicella) correct answers -cause = enveloped, dsDNA varicella-zoster virus,
member of Herpesviridae
-Humans serve as reservoir and source
-Acquired by droplet inhalation into respiratory system
-Highly contagious
shingles (herpes zoster) correct answers -Reactivated form of chickenpox
-Virus resides in cranial and sensory neurons in dorsal root ganglion (viral DNA in latent
stage)
-Reactivation = virus migrates down neuron; factors: AIDS, age, cancers, stress, and
transplants
influenza (flu) correct answers -Respiratory system disease
-RNA virus, segmented genome, negative-strand
-Numerous animal reservoirs
-Acquired by inhalation or ingestion of respiratory secretions
>Viral particles adhere to cells of host respiratory epithelium by hemagglutinin spike
proteins
-Subtypes based on hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA)
antigenic drift correct answers due to accumulation of mutations in a strain within a
geographic area
antigenic shift correct answers due to assortment of genomes when 2 different strains of flu
viruses infect the same cell and are incorporated into a single new capsid; large change
postherpetic neuralgia correct answers painful vesicles because of sensory nerve damage in
shingles
measles (rubeola) correct answers -Contagious skin disease
-Rash caused by an RNA virus
>Receptors on activated B and T cells
-Enters body through respiratory tract or conjunctiva of the eyes
-Symptomatic/supportive theory, no specific treatment
-Attenuated MMR vaccine
-Skin eruptions occur as erythematous (red) maculopapular (discolored area of small bumps)
lesions that are first discrete but gradually become confluent
Koplik's spots correct answers lesions of oral cavity; skin eruption
subacute sclerosing panencephalitis correct answers rare progressive degeneration of CNS by
measles virus
mumps correct answers -Caused by RNA virus transmitted via saliva and respiratory droplets
-Develop for 16-18 days after infection
-Fever and swelling and tenderness of salivary glands
, -Complications including meningitis and orchitis (inflammation of testis)
mumps virions correct answers pleomorphic, enveloped, and contain helical nucleocapsid
containing negative strand RNA
acute respiratory viruses correct answers viruses that cause respiratory syndromes and viral
pneumonia
respiratory syndromes correct answers Rhinitis, tonsillitis, laryngitis, bronchitis, and
pneumonia
respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) correct answers -In children, the most dangerous respiratory
infection.
-Negative-strand RNA virus causing formation of syncytia
-Spread by hand contact and respiratory secretions
respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) correct answers -Acute onset of fever, cough, rhibitis, nasal
congestion
-May progress quickly to bronchitis/viral pneumonia
rubella (German measles) correct answers -Enveloped RNA virus
-Mild brief rash acquired from respiratory droplets
-Attenuated vaccine reduces cases to 1000 and 10 congenital rubella cases per year
congenital rubella syndrome correct answers -Disastrous disease in the first trimester of
pregnancy
-Can lead to fetal death, premature delivery, or congenital defects
severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) correct answers -Highly contagious viral disease
caused by corona virus transmitted by droplet spread
-Can be fatal
-Sudden onset, severe illness in healthy individuals
-Dry cough develops in days
-Most will develop pneumonia
smallpox (variola) correct answers -Caused by variola virus (large, brick-shaped complex
virus; linear dsDNA)
-Transmitted by aerosol or contact.
-Humans are the only natural host.
-Begins with prodome of systemic aches--onset of fever, rash
variola virus correct answers large, brick-shaped complex virus; linear dsDNA; causes
smallpox
variola major correct answers most common, severe form of smallpox
extensive rash and higher fever
33% fatality rate
variola minor correct answers less common form and less severe
fatality rates of 1% or less
