Psychology 1000 exam test
questions and answers graded A+
Psychology - ANS✅✅the scientific study of behavior and mental processes
mental processes - ANS✅✅internal, subjective experiences we infer from behavior
behaviour - ANS✅✅Any observable action made by a living person
availability heuristic - ANS✅✅when an idea is supported by easily recalled examples
confirmation bias - ANS✅✅a tendency to search for information that supports our preconceptions
and to ignore or distort contradictory evidence
four goals of psychology - ANS✅✅describe, explain, predict, control
levels of analysis - ANS✅✅rungs on a ladder of analysis, with lower levels tied most closely to
biological influences, then psychological influences, and higher levels tied most closely to social
influences
empirical - ANS✅✅based on observation or experiment
Hippocrates - ANS✅✅"Founder of Medicine" During the Golden Age in Greece he was a scientist
that believed all diseases came from natural causes. He also had high ideals for physicians & an oath
was made that is still used today. Also believed that temperament comes from four bodily humours:
blood, black bile, yellow bile, and phlegm.
Aristotle - ANS✅✅Greek philosopher. A pupil of Plato, the tutor of Alexander the Great, and the
author of works on logic, metaphysics, ethics, natural sciences, politics, and poetics, he profoundly
influenced Western thought. Argued that the mind and body are the same and that we are born
with a blank slate and must learn all knowledge. In his philosophical system, which led him to
criticize Plato, theory follows empirical observation and logic, based on the syllogism, is the essential
method of rational inquiry.
, Plato - ANS✅✅(430-347 BCE) Was a disciple of Socrates whose cornerstone of thought was that
certain mental processes are inherited.
Socrates - ANS✅✅(470-399 BCE) An Athenian philosopher who thought that human beings could
lead honest lives and that honor was far more important than wealth, fame, or other superficial
attributes.
Rene Descartes - ANS✅✅17th century French philosopher; a dualist (mind and body are different
but interact). Thought the brain controlled the body through fluid tubes. Proposed reflex arc to
explain behaviour.
John Locke - ANS✅✅17th century English philosopher who opposed the Divine Right of Kings and
who asserted that people have a natural right to life, liberty, and property. Empiricist associated with
Tabula Rasa.
Tabula Rasa - ANS✅✅John Locke's concept of the mind as a blank slate, knowledge must be built
from experiences.
Johannes Muller - ANS✅✅19th century physiologist who wrote Elements of Physiology and
postulated the existence of "specific nerve energies". Argued that researchers need to study the
relationship between physical stimuli and their psychological effects.
Frances Bacon - ANS✅✅created empiricism (the scientific method); criticized Aristotle, English
politician and writer in the 14th to 15th century.
Herman von Helmholtz (1821-1894) - ANS✅✅Student of Johannes Muller in the 19th century. First
to measure the speed of a nerve impulse in terms of reaction time and that they happen over time
instead of instantaneously ; Credited with transition of psychology into a field of natural sciences
Gustav Fechner - ANS✅✅A German philosopher and physicist from the 19th century who is
considered to be one of the founders of experimental psychology. Published a book summarizing his
work in 1860 called 'Elements of Psychophysics'.
Charles Darwin - ANS✅✅English naturalist. He studied the plants and animals of South America
and the Pacific islands, and in his book On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection (1859)
set forth his theory of evolution.
questions and answers graded A+
Psychology - ANS✅✅the scientific study of behavior and mental processes
mental processes - ANS✅✅internal, subjective experiences we infer from behavior
behaviour - ANS✅✅Any observable action made by a living person
availability heuristic - ANS✅✅when an idea is supported by easily recalled examples
confirmation bias - ANS✅✅a tendency to search for information that supports our preconceptions
and to ignore or distort contradictory evidence
four goals of psychology - ANS✅✅describe, explain, predict, control
levels of analysis - ANS✅✅rungs on a ladder of analysis, with lower levels tied most closely to
biological influences, then psychological influences, and higher levels tied most closely to social
influences
empirical - ANS✅✅based on observation or experiment
Hippocrates - ANS✅✅"Founder of Medicine" During the Golden Age in Greece he was a scientist
that believed all diseases came from natural causes. He also had high ideals for physicians & an oath
was made that is still used today. Also believed that temperament comes from four bodily humours:
blood, black bile, yellow bile, and phlegm.
Aristotle - ANS✅✅Greek philosopher. A pupil of Plato, the tutor of Alexander the Great, and the
author of works on logic, metaphysics, ethics, natural sciences, politics, and poetics, he profoundly
influenced Western thought. Argued that the mind and body are the same and that we are born
with a blank slate and must learn all knowledge. In his philosophical system, which led him to
criticize Plato, theory follows empirical observation and logic, based on the syllogism, is the essential
method of rational inquiry.
, Plato - ANS✅✅(430-347 BCE) Was a disciple of Socrates whose cornerstone of thought was that
certain mental processes are inherited.
Socrates - ANS✅✅(470-399 BCE) An Athenian philosopher who thought that human beings could
lead honest lives and that honor was far more important than wealth, fame, or other superficial
attributes.
Rene Descartes - ANS✅✅17th century French philosopher; a dualist (mind and body are different
but interact). Thought the brain controlled the body through fluid tubes. Proposed reflex arc to
explain behaviour.
John Locke - ANS✅✅17th century English philosopher who opposed the Divine Right of Kings and
who asserted that people have a natural right to life, liberty, and property. Empiricist associated with
Tabula Rasa.
Tabula Rasa - ANS✅✅John Locke's concept of the mind as a blank slate, knowledge must be built
from experiences.
Johannes Muller - ANS✅✅19th century physiologist who wrote Elements of Physiology and
postulated the existence of "specific nerve energies". Argued that researchers need to study the
relationship between physical stimuli and their psychological effects.
Frances Bacon - ANS✅✅created empiricism (the scientific method); criticized Aristotle, English
politician and writer in the 14th to 15th century.
Herman von Helmholtz (1821-1894) - ANS✅✅Student of Johannes Muller in the 19th century. First
to measure the speed of a nerve impulse in terms of reaction time and that they happen over time
instead of instantaneously ; Credited with transition of psychology into a field of natural sciences
Gustav Fechner - ANS✅✅A German philosopher and physicist from the 19th century who is
considered to be one of the founders of experimental psychology. Published a book summarizing his
work in 1860 called 'Elements of Psychophysics'.
Charles Darwin - ANS✅✅English naturalist. He studied the plants and animals of South America
and the Pacific islands, and in his book On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection (1859)
set forth his theory of evolution.
