WJEC Criminology
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_9r3gzs
1. Internal social Controls that come from within ourselves, from personalities and values, that lead
control us to conform to the rules of society.
2. Moral conscience Forms through early socialisation.
(superego) Forms part of our personality, telling us right from wrong and inflicts feelings of
guilt.
Restrains the selfish 'animal' urges of the Id and allows us to exercise self-control.
3. Traditions and We accept traditions and religions of the family that form part of our identity.
cultures Eg, Muslim tradition of fasting during Ramadan.
Conforming to these is an important way of confirming one's identity.
4. Internalising so- We internalise social rules and traditions through the process of socialisation in the
cial rules family or wider social groups.
Society's rules and moral codes then become our own personal rules.
We use them to tell us what is right from wrong, and so we keep within the law
(rational ideology).
5. External social Agencies that aim to ensure we conform to its expectations and keep to its rules.
control
6. Agencies Organisations or institutions that impose rules on us to make us behave in partic-
ular ways.
May include parents, peer groups, teachers, who give us positive sanctions to
those conforming and negative ones to those who aren't.
Echos Skinner's operant learning theory, as punishments deter undesirable be-
haviour and rewards encourage acceptable behaviour.
7. Criminal justice Police have the power to stop and search, arrest, detain and question.
system CPS can charge a suspect and prosecute them in court.
Judges and magistrates have powers to bail the accused or remand them in
custody, and sentence the guilty.
1/6
, WJEC Criminology
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_9r3gzs
Prison service can detain prisoners against their will for the duration of their
sentence and punish their misbehaviour.
8. Coercion Use of threat or force in order to make someone do, or stop doing, something.
May involve physical or psychological violence or the threat to do it.
9. Fear of punish- Form of coercion that makes people conform to laws. If you commit a crime, you
ment will be arrested, charged, convicted and even jailed against your will.
Deterrence is the fear of being caught, makes people continue to obey the law.
Fear of punishment acts as a deterrent for committing crime.
10. Retribution Offender pays back for their wrongful behaviour.
Offender deserves to be punished ('just deserts') and society is morally entitled to
get 'revenge'.
Punishment should be proportional to the crime committed - 'an eye for an eye,
tooth for a tooth'.
11. Retribution - the- Right Realism - rational choice theory. Offenders are rational actors who conscious-
ory ly choose to commit crime, so they are responsible for their actions. They should
suffer societal outrage for their behaviour.
Functionalists - Durkheim. Performs the function of boundary maintenance. Pun-
ishing an offender reminds everyone of the difference between right and wrong.
12. Retribution - criti- Offenders may deserve forgiveness, mercy or a chance to make amends, not just
cisms be punished.
How do we decide was is a proportionate penalty or 'just desert' for each crime. It
is subjective.
13. Rehabilitation Punishment is used to reform an offender, so they go on to live a crime-free life.
Uses treatment programmes to address issues that led to offending (anger man-
agement, homelessness, drug abuse, education programmes).
Require the offender to want to change, as well as support from specialist person-
nel.
2/6
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_9r3gzs
1. Internal social Controls that come from within ourselves, from personalities and values, that lead
control us to conform to the rules of society.
2. Moral conscience Forms through early socialisation.
(superego) Forms part of our personality, telling us right from wrong and inflicts feelings of
guilt.
Restrains the selfish 'animal' urges of the Id and allows us to exercise self-control.
3. Traditions and We accept traditions and religions of the family that form part of our identity.
cultures Eg, Muslim tradition of fasting during Ramadan.
Conforming to these is an important way of confirming one's identity.
4. Internalising so- We internalise social rules and traditions through the process of socialisation in the
cial rules family or wider social groups.
Society's rules and moral codes then become our own personal rules.
We use them to tell us what is right from wrong, and so we keep within the law
(rational ideology).
5. External social Agencies that aim to ensure we conform to its expectations and keep to its rules.
control
6. Agencies Organisations or institutions that impose rules on us to make us behave in partic-
ular ways.
May include parents, peer groups, teachers, who give us positive sanctions to
those conforming and negative ones to those who aren't.
Echos Skinner's operant learning theory, as punishments deter undesirable be-
haviour and rewards encourage acceptable behaviour.
7. Criminal justice Police have the power to stop and search, arrest, detain and question.
system CPS can charge a suspect and prosecute them in court.
Judges and magistrates have powers to bail the accused or remand them in
custody, and sentence the guilty.
1/6
, WJEC Criminology
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_9r3gzs
Prison service can detain prisoners against their will for the duration of their
sentence and punish their misbehaviour.
8. Coercion Use of threat or force in order to make someone do, or stop doing, something.
May involve physical or psychological violence or the threat to do it.
9. Fear of punish- Form of coercion that makes people conform to laws. If you commit a crime, you
ment will be arrested, charged, convicted and even jailed against your will.
Deterrence is the fear of being caught, makes people continue to obey the law.
Fear of punishment acts as a deterrent for committing crime.
10. Retribution Offender pays back for their wrongful behaviour.
Offender deserves to be punished ('just deserts') and society is morally entitled to
get 'revenge'.
Punishment should be proportional to the crime committed - 'an eye for an eye,
tooth for a tooth'.
11. Retribution - the- Right Realism - rational choice theory. Offenders are rational actors who conscious-
ory ly choose to commit crime, so they are responsible for their actions. They should
suffer societal outrage for their behaviour.
Functionalists - Durkheim. Performs the function of boundary maintenance. Pun-
ishing an offender reminds everyone of the difference between right and wrong.
12. Retribution - criti- Offenders may deserve forgiveness, mercy or a chance to make amends, not just
cisms be punished.
How do we decide was is a proportionate penalty or 'just desert' for each crime. It
is subjective.
13. Rehabilitation Punishment is used to reform an offender, so they go on to live a crime-free life.
Uses treatment programmes to address issues that led to offending (anger man-
agement, homelessness, drug abuse, education programmes).
Require the offender to want to change, as well as support from specialist person-
nel.
2/6
