already passed 2025/2026
The understanding that printed text carries meaning, including the recognition of words, letters, and the
functions of various elements in a book or written material. - correct answer ✔Print Awareness
The understanding that letters are representations of sounds. - correct answer ✔Letter Awareness
The understanding of how books work, including concepts such as reading from left to right, turning
pages, and recognizing the front and back covers. - correct answer ✔Book Awareness
The recognition and understanding of individual words as distinct units of language, including their
sounds, meanings, and spellings. - correct answer ✔Word Awareness
The understanding of how printed materials, such as books and other written texts, function and are
structured. - correct answer ✔Concepts About Print
The ability to recognize and manipulate the sounds of spoken language, including words, syllables, and
phonemes (individual speech sounds), without necessarily understanding the meaning of the words. -
correct answer ✔Phonological Awareness
A subset of phonological awareness and specifically refers to the ability to recognize and manipulate
individual phonemes (speech sounds) in spoken words. - correct answer ✔Phonemic Awareness
Units of sound within words that contain a single vowel sound and may or may not be preceded or
followed by consonant sounds. - correct answer ✔Syllables
The initial consonant or consonant cluster of a syllable that comes before the vowel sound. - correct
answer ✔Onset
, The part of a syllable that consists of the vowel sound and any consonant sounds that follow it. - correct
answer ✔Rime
A speech sound produced by obstructing the flow of air through the vocal tract. - correct answer
✔Consonant
A speech sound produced without significant constriction or closure of the vocal tract. - correct answer
✔Vowel
Consonant sounds produced by one push of breath and then stopping the air, including /p/, /b/, /t/, /d/,
/k/, and /g/. - correct answer ✔Stops
Consonant sounds produced with the nasal passage open, allowing air to escape through the nose,
including /n/, /m/, and /ng/. - correct answer ✔Nasals
Consonant sounds produced by forcing air through a narrow opening or passage in the vocal tract,
creating friction, this includes /f/, /v/, /s/, /z/, /sh/, /zh/, and /th/. - correct answer ✔Fricatives
Consonant sounds that begin as stops but are released as fricatives, which involves a brief stoppage of
airflow followed by a slow release with friction, such as the sounds /ch/ and /j/. - correct answer
✔Affricatives
Consonant sounds that glide immediately into vowels, which includes /h/, /w/, and /y/. - correct answer
✔Glides
Consonant sounds characterized by a partial closure of the vocal tract, allowing for the relatively free
flow of air, like /l/ and /r/. - correct answer ✔Liquids