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Samenvatting Physiotherapy in Mental Health and Society

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Uitgebreide samenvatting van alle lessen Physiotherapy in Mental Health Care and Society (Vissers, Giusti, Ang, van West, Maes, Struyf, Vermandel, Van Hal, Achriani, Dauwen, Van Geel, Dhar, Dom, Schrijvers)

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Universiteit Antwerpen

Academiejaar 2020 - 2021
Faculteit Geneeskunde en Gezondheidswetenschappen

Master Revalidatiewetenschappen en Kinesitherapie




Physiotherapy in Mental
Health and Society




1

,INHOUD

1. Diversiteit in de gezondheidszorg ....................................................................................................................... 7
1.0. Introductie.................................................................................................................................................... 7
1.1. Cultuur.......................................................................................................................................................... 8
1.1.1. Introductie............................................................................................................................................. 8
1.1.2. Culturele verschillen ............................................................................................................................. 9
1.1.3. Wat is cultuur? ...................................................................................................................................... 9
1.1.4. Managing cultural differences ............................................................................................................ 10
1.2. Geslacht ...................................................................................................................................................... 14
1.3. Sociaaleconomische status (SES)................................................................................................................ 17
1.4. Reflecties op diversiteit - bouwen van bruggen ......................................................................................... 19
1.4.1. Caleidoscoop ....................................................................................................................................... 19
1.4.2. Ijsberg .................................................................................................................................................. 22
1.4.3. Communicatie kompas ........................................................................................................................ 24
1.4.4. Sociale gerechtigheid .......................................................................................................................... 25
1.4.5. Conclusies ............................................................................................................................................ 27
2. Psychiatrie bij kinderen en volwassenen .......................................................................................................... 28
2.1. Introductie.................................................................................................................................................. 28
2.1.1. Specificiteit van psychiatrie bij kinderen en volwassenen .................................................................. 28
2.1.2. Definitie psychiatrische aandoening bij kinderen of volwassenen ..................................................... 28
2.1.3. Erfelijkheid in psychiatrische aandoeningen bij kinderen ................................................................... 31
2.2. Ontwikkelingsstoornissen .......................................................................................................................... 32
2.2.1. ADHD ................................................................................................................................................... 32
2.2.2. ASS ....................................................................................................................................................... 46
2.2.3. Andere ontwikkelingsstoornissen ....................................................................................................... 50
2.3. Gedragsstoornissen .................................................................................................................................... 51
2.3.1 Externalizing Disorders (externaliserende aandoeningen) .................................................................. 51
2.4. Internalizing Disorders (internaliserende aandoeningen).......................................................................... 61
2.4.1. Stemmingsstoornissen ........................................................................................................................ 61
2.4.2. Angststoornissen ................................................................................................................................. 67
2.5. Eetstoornissen ............................................................................................................................................ 68
2.5.1. Feeding disorders ................................................................................................................................ 68
2.5.2. Eating disorders................................................................................................................................... 71
3. Fysiotherapie en migratie gezondheid .............................................................................................................. 91
3.1. Fysiotherapie in de geestelijke gezondheidszorg ....................................................................................... 91
3.1.1. Context ................................................................................................................................................ 91


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, 3.1.2. Waar past de fysiotherapie tussen? .................................................................................................... 91
3.1.3. Bewegingsgroepen .............................................................................................................................. 91
3.2. PREP project ............................................................................................................................................... 92
3.2.1. Wat is PREP? ....................................................................................................................................... 92
3.2.2. Waarom PREP? .................................................................................................................................... 92
3.2.3. Wat hebben we tot nu toe geleerd? ................................................................................................... 93
3.2.4. Kan PREP een verschil maken? ............................................................................................................ 93
3.2.5. Overbruggen van de kloof tussen de academische en klinische wereld (theorie vs. praktijk) ........... 93
3.2.6. Topje van de ijsberg ............................................................................................................................ 93
3.3. Fysiotherapie en asielzoekers .................................................................................................................... 94
3.3.1. Asielzoekers......................................................................................................................................... 94
3.3.2. Heeft een kinesitherapeut een rol bij het werken met asielzoekers? ................................................ 94
3.3.3. Marteling ............................................................................................................................................. 95
3.3.4. Self-care .............................................................................................................................................. 95
4. Relaxatietherapie .............................................................................................................................................. 96
4.1. Introductie.................................................................................................................................................. 96
4.2. Belasting-belastbaarheidsmodel ................................................................................................................ 96
4.3. Emoties en stress ....................................................................................................................................... 97
4.3.1. Emoties ................................................................................................................................................ 97
4.3.2. Stress ................................................................................................................................................... 97
4.4. Fysiologische effecten van stress op de korte en lange termijn .............................................................. 100
4.5. Relaxatietherapie ..................................................................................................................................... 101
4.5.1. Actieve methode ............................................................................................................................... 102
4.5.2. Passieve methode ............................................................................................................................. 104
4.5.3. Relaxtie bij Specifieke populatie ....................................................................................................... 105
4.6. Mindfulness .............................................................................................................................................. 107
4.6.1. Mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) .................................................................................... 107
4.6.2. Literatuur .......................................................................................................................................... 108
5. Rol van een kinesitherapeut in verslaving....................................................................................................... 109
5.1. Tabak- en rookverslaving ......................................................................................................................... 109
5.1.1. Korte introductie ............................................................................................................................... 109
5.1.2. Cijfers wereldwijd in verband met roken .......................................................................................... 109
5.1.3. Meten van fysieke verslaving ............................................................................................................ 111
5.1.4. Huidig tabaksbeleid ........................................................................................................................... 111
5.1.5. Interventies ....................................................................................................................................... 112
5.1.6. In tussentijd ....................................................................................................................................... 114
5.1.7. Preventie ........................................................................................................................................... 115

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, 5.2. Alcoholverslaving ..................................................................................................................................... 116
5.2.1. Introductie......................................................................................................................................... 116
5.2.2. Anonieme Alcoholisten (AA) ............................................................................................................. 117
5.2.3. Alcoholverslaving .............................................................................................................................. 118
6. Fysieke activiteit in de Geestelijke Gezondheidszorg ..................................................................................... 123
6.1. Psychomotorische therapie en lichamelijke activiteit bij mensen met psychische stoornissen .............. 123
6.1.1. UPC Duffel ......................................................................................................................................... 123
6.1.2. Zorgprogramma: Stemming (‘mood’) ............................................................................................... 124
6.1.3. Psychomotorische therapie (PMT) .................................................................................................... 125
6.1.4. Voordelen van fysieke activiteit voor de mentale gezondheid ......................................................... 127
6.1.5. Mentale ziekte en comorbiditeiten ................................................................................................... 128
6.1.6. Hoe kunnen we fysieke activiteit verhogen? .................................................................................... 130
6.1.7. Therapie ............................................................................................................................................ 130
6.1.8. Take home message .......................................................................................................................... 135
6.2. Ergotherapie ............................................................................................................................................. 136
6.2.1. Introductie......................................................................................................................................... 136
6.2.2. Verschillende soorten/ aspecten ...................................................................................................... 136
6.2.3. Toepassing......................................................................................................................................... 138
6.2.4. Ergotherapie in de geestelijke gezondheidszorg............................................................................... 140
7. Levensstijl, stress systeem en mentale gezondheid........................................................................................ 141
7.1. Mentale gezondheid ................................................................................................................................ 141
7.2. Stress ........................................................................................................................................................ 142
7.3. Levensstijl ................................................................................................................................................. 153
8. Ouder-kindinteracties, gezinsinterventies ...................................................................................................... 158
8.1 Introductie................................................................................................................................................. 158
8.2. Interacties tussen ouder en kind .............................................................................................................. 158
8.2.1. Internaliserende problemen ............................................................................................................. 160
8.2.2. Externaliserende problemen ............................................................................................................. 160
8.3. Wat gebeurt er als een chronische ziekte de interacties tussen ouders en kinderen verstoort? ............ 162
8.4. Hoe werk je met ouders en kinderen? ..................................................................................................... 165
8.4.1. Wettelijk kader .................................................................................................................................. 165
8.4.2. Multi directionele partijdigheid ........................................................................................................ 166
8.4.2. Gezinsinterventies ............................................................................................................................. 166
8.5. Psychomotorische therapie bij gezinnen ................................................................................................. 167
9. Autisme spectrum stoornis bij volwassenen ................................................................................................... 168
9.1. Diagnose ................................................................................................................................................... 168
9.1.1. Comorbiditeiten ................................................................................................................................ 168

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