Exam 2: BIOS 255 / BIOS255 (2025/ 2026
Update) Anatomy and Physiology III
Complete Guide | 100% Correct| Grade A
-Chamberlain
Describe the movement of O2 and CO2 in external and internal respirations and define -
ANSWER internal: exchange of gases between blood in systemic capillaries and tissue
cells; blood loses O2 and gains CO2
external: exchange of gases between the alveoli of the lungs and the blood in pulmonary
capillaries across the respiratory membrane; pulmonary capillary blood gains O2 and loses CO2.
Pulmonary Ventilation - ANSWER -breathing
-Inspiration (inhaling) & Expiration (exhaling) of air and involves the exchange of air between
the atmosphere and the alveoli of the lungs
Cellular Respiration - ANSWER Process that releases energy by breaking down
glucose and other food molecules in the presence of oxygen
Effects of Temperature and pH on Oxygen dissociation curves (Figure 22.26 (a) Figure 22.26(b))
- ANSWER
Macrophages - ANSWER -Phagocytize tissue debris, dead neutrophils, bacteria, and
other foreign matter
-Process foreign matter and display antigenic fragments to certain T cells alerting immune
system to the presence of the enemy
, T lymphocytes - ANSWER directly attack and destroy diseased or foreign cells, and
the immune system remembers the antigens of those invaders and prevents them from causing
disease in the future
Natural killer cells - ANSWER large lymphocytes that attack and destroy bacteria,
transplanted tissue, host cells infected with viruses or that have turned cancerous
B lymphocytes - ANSWER -produce humoral immunity
-Activated B cells develop into plasma cells
-Plasma cells secrete antibodies into the blood
-Circulating antibodies produce humoral immunity
-directly attack pathogens
Eosinophils - ANSWER -Phagocytize antigen-antibody complexes, allergens, and
inflammatory chemicals
-Release enzymes that weaken or destroy parasites
Perforins - ANSWER -kill cells in the same manner as NK cells
-Polymerize a ring and create a hole in its plasma membrane
Complement proteins - ANSWER Aid in destruction of toxins and microorganisms
Defensins - ANSWER -peptides in the skin that kill microbes
-destroy bacteria, viruses, and fungi
Interferons - ANSWER infected cell alerts neighboring cells to protect them from
becoming infected
Describe Boyle's law - ANSWER -pressure of a given quantity of gas is inversely
proportional to its volume
Update) Anatomy and Physiology III
Complete Guide | 100% Correct| Grade A
-Chamberlain
Describe the movement of O2 and CO2 in external and internal respirations and define -
ANSWER internal: exchange of gases between blood in systemic capillaries and tissue
cells; blood loses O2 and gains CO2
external: exchange of gases between the alveoli of the lungs and the blood in pulmonary
capillaries across the respiratory membrane; pulmonary capillary blood gains O2 and loses CO2.
Pulmonary Ventilation - ANSWER -breathing
-Inspiration (inhaling) & Expiration (exhaling) of air and involves the exchange of air between
the atmosphere and the alveoli of the lungs
Cellular Respiration - ANSWER Process that releases energy by breaking down
glucose and other food molecules in the presence of oxygen
Effects of Temperature and pH on Oxygen dissociation curves (Figure 22.26 (a) Figure 22.26(b))
- ANSWER
Macrophages - ANSWER -Phagocytize tissue debris, dead neutrophils, bacteria, and
other foreign matter
-Process foreign matter and display antigenic fragments to certain T cells alerting immune
system to the presence of the enemy
, T lymphocytes - ANSWER directly attack and destroy diseased or foreign cells, and
the immune system remembers the antigens of those invaders and prevents them from causing
disease in the future
Natural killer cells - ANSWER large lymphocytes that attack and destroy bacteria,
transplanted tissue, host cells infected with viruses or that have turned cancerous
B lymphocytes - ANSWER -produce humoral immunity
-Activated B cells develop into plasma cells
-Plasma cells secrete antibodies into the blood
-Circulating antibodies produce humoral immunity
-directly attack pathogens
Eosinophils - ANSWER -Phagocytize antigen-antibody complexes, allergens, and
inflammatory chemicals
-Release enzymes that weaken or destroy parasites
Perforins - ANSWER -kill cells in the same manner as NK cells
-Polymerize a ring and create a hole in its plasma membrane
Complement proteins - ANSWER Aid in destruction of toxins and microorganisms
Defensins - ANSWER -peptides in the skin that kill microbes
-destroy bacteria, viruses, and fungi
Interferons - ANSWER infected cell alerts neighboring cells to protect them from
becoming infected
Describe Boyle's law - ANSWER -pressure of a given quantity of gas is inversely
proportional to its volume
