NSE103 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS
WITH 100% CORRECTLY SOLVED
ANSWERS
what is hypoxemia? - Answer-low oxygen in the blood
what is hypoxia? - Answer-lack of oxygen in tissues & organs
what does cardiac pain feel like? - Answer-crushing, pressure, squeezing, tightness,
heaviness
where is cardiac pain felt? - Answer-chest
jaw
neck
arms(especially the left)
upper back
abdomen
cardiac pain is a _____ finding, meaning it requires ___________ - Answer-critical
immediate action
what is nitroglycerin? - Answer-a medication that acts to dilate/expand blood vessels so
oxygenated blood is more easily perfused to the heart muscle, reducing cardiac pain
what is dyspnea? - Answer-shortness of breath
what can you do to help someone with dyspnea? - Answer-raise the head of the bed
if someone presents with dyspnea, what should you assess? - Answer-all standard
vitals + auscultate the lungs
what are arrhythmias? what do they feel like? - Answer-irregular heart rhythms
may feel like the heart is skipping a beat or fluttering
if someone presents with arrhythmias & you are concerned about clinical deterioration,
what should you do? - Answer-conduct a primary survey
__________ are common symptoms of heart disease, because in people with heart
failure, their _____________ - Answer-coughing or wheezing
,their blood can back up into their lungs, affecting breathing
what is expectorate? - Answer-sputum from coughing
what is hemoptysis? - Answer-blood in sputum, coughing up blood
if someone has peripheral edema, you should assess if ______ - Answer-if the edema
is acute or chronic, and unilateral or bilateral
if peripheral edema is acute & unilateral, it may be __________ or ________ - Answer-
DVT or an injury
if peripheral edema is chronic & bilateral, it is more likely to be a ___________ -
Answer-systemic issue with the heart
__________ and edema are often related - Answer-nocturia/rapid weight gain
what is diaphoresis? - Answer-excessive sweating
what priorities of care are related to cardiac symptoms? - Answer-chest pain may signify
angina - could cause a heart attack
or a hypertensive crisis - could lead to myocardial infarction or stroke
what is a hypertensive crisis? - Answer-BP higher than 180 and/or higher than 120
how should you approach assessing the chest of someone wearing a binder? - Answer-
ask non-judgemental questions
explain, ask if they have questions
assess binder for proper fit
bruits heard in the carotid arteries may indicate______, which is ________ - Answer-
carotid stenosis, narrowing of the carotid artery
what is the normal findings when assessing the carotid arteries? - Answer-"2+ carotid
pulsation equal bilaterally, smooth contour with a quick upstroke and gradual
downstroke."
assessment of the jugular veins provides information on __________ - Answer-the
central venous pressure, fluid status & functioning of right ventricle
distention of the jugular veins indicates: - Answer-elevated central venous pressure -
may be indicative of fluid retention
,what are the normal findings for jugular vein assessment? - Answer-Right external
jugular vein is flat with no distension. Double diffuse pulsation of right internal jugular
vein at sternal notch."
where is the external jugular vein located? - Answer-superficial to sternocleidomastoid
where is the internal jugular vein located? - Answer-deep to the sternocleidomastoid
muscle; seen in the sternal notch when supine
are distended/bulging jugular veins a critical finding? - Answer-yes
distended jugular veins may be caused by - Answer-heart failure
pulmonary hypertension
tricuspid valve stenosis/prolapse
what other cues are typically associated with distended/bulging jugular veins? - Answer-
heart palpitations
chest pain
tachycardia
perspiration
dyspnea
other signs of respiratory distress
what should you do if a patient has distended jugular veins? - Answer-determine the
cause, keep client stabilized
notify the physician
monitor vitals
auscultate valves to determine quality of blood flow & presence of murmurs
what is the precordium? - Answer-the region on the chest wall that overlays the heart
area
how do pulsations manifest when inspecting the precordium? - Answer-as flickers
observed on the skin of the chest wall
, are pulsations of the chest wall concerning? what does it suggest? - Answer-yes, unless
the client is very thin
suggests increased cardiac workload
what are heaves? - Answer-forceful movements observed on the skin over the chest
wall
what may cause heaves? - Answer-hypertension
valvular disease
septal defects
infarction
what do heaves suggest? - Answer-increased cardiac workload
enlarged heart
dissecting aorta
what are you looking for when palpating the precordium? - Answer-the presence of any
pulsations/vibrations
are pulsations/vibrations of the precordium concerning? - Answer-yes, suggests
turbulent blood flow
what are thrills? - Answer-vibrations produced by turbulent blood flow within the heart
(murmus)
thrills suggest - Answer-an incompetent valve
what should you do if you find thrills of the precordium? - Answer-conduct a full cardiac
assessment
take vitals
notify the physician
how do you palpate for an apical pulse? - Answer-use finger pad, fifth intercostal space
at left midclavicular line
ask client to breath in & out
if you can't feel it, help them into a left lateral position
is it normal to not feel an apical pulse? - Answer-yes, in some clients
WITH 100% CORRECTLY SOLVED
ANSWERS
what is hypoxemia? - Answer-low oxygen in the blood
what is hypoxia? - Answer-lack of oxygen in tissues & organs
what does cardiac pain feel like? - Answer-crushing, pressure, squeezing, tightness,
heaviness
where is cardiac pain felt? - Answer-chest
jaw
neck
arms(especially the left)
upper back
abdomen
cardiac pain is a _____ finding, meaning it requires ___________ - Answer-critical
immediate action
what is nitroglycerin? - Answer-a medication that acts to dilate/expand blood vessels so
oxygenated blood is more easily perfused to the heart muscle, reducing cardiac pain
what is dyspnea? - Answer-shortness of breath
what can you do to help someone with dyspnea? - Answer-raise the head of the bed
if someone presents with dyspnea, what should you assess? - Answer-all standard
vitals + auscultate the lungs
what are arrhythmias? what do they feel like? - Answer-irregular heart rhythms
may feel like the heart is skipping a beat or fluttering
if someone presents with arrhythmias & you are concerned about clinical deterioration,
what should you do? - Answer-conduct a primary survey
__________ are common symptoms of heart disease, because in people with heart
failure, their _____________ - Answer-coughing or wheezing
,their blood can back up into their lungs, affecting breathing
what is expectorate? - Answer-sputum from coughing
what is hemoptysis? - Answer-blood in sputum, coughing up blood
if someone has peripheral edema, you should assess if ______ - Answer-if the edema
is acute or chronic, and unilateral or bilateral
if peripheral edema is acute & unilateral, it may be __________ or ________ - Answer-
DVT or an injury
if peripheral edema is chronic & bilateral, it is more likely to be a ___________ -
Answer-systemic issue with the heart
__________ and edema are often related - Answer-nocturia/rapid weight gain
what is diaphoresis? - Answer-excessive sweating
what priorities of care are related to cardiac symptoms? - Answer-chest pain may signify
angina - could cause a heart attack
or a hypertensive crisis - could lead to myocardial infarction or stroke
what is a hypertensive crisis? - Answer-BP higher than 180 and/or higher than 120
how should you approach assessing the chest of someone wearing a binder? - Answer-
ask non-judgemental questions
explain, ask if they have questions
assess binder for proper fit
bruits heard in the carotid arteries may indicate______, which is ________ - Answer-
carotid stenosis, narrowing of the carotid artery
what is the normal findings when assessing the carotid arteries? - Answer-"2+ carotid
pulsation equal bilaterally, smooth contour with a quick upstroke and gradual
downstroke."
assessment of the jugular veins provides information on __________ - Answer-the
central venous pressure, fluid status & functioning of right ventricle
distention of the jugular veins indicates: - Answer-elevated central venous pressure -
may be indicative of fluid retention
,what are the normal findings for jugular vein assessment? - Answer-Right external
jugular vein is flat with no distension. Double diffuse pulsation of right internal jugular
vein at sternal notch."
where is the external jugular vein located? - Answer-superficial to sternocleidomastoid
where is the internal jugular vein located? - Answer-deep to the sternocleidomastoid
muscle; seen in the sternal notch when supine
are distended/bulging jugular veins a critical finding? - Answer-yes
distended jugular veins may be caused by - Answer-heart failure
pulmonary hypertension
tricuspid valve stenosis/prolapse
what other cues are typically associated with distended/bulging jugular veins? - Answer-
heart palpitations
chest pain
tachycardia
perspiration
dyspnea
other signs of respiratory distress
what should you do if a patient has distended jugular veins? - Answer-determine the
cause, keep client stabilized
notify the physician
monitor vitals
auscultate valves to determine quality of blood flow & presence of murmurs
what is the precordium? - Answer-the region on the chest wall that overlays the heart
area
how do pulsations manifest when inspecting the precordium? - Answer-as flickers
observed on the skin of the chest wall
, are pulsations of the chest wall concerning? what does it suggest? - Answer-yes, unless
the client is very thin
suggests increased cardiac workload
what are heaves? - Answer-forceful movements observed on the skin over the chest
wall
what may cause heaves? - Answer-hypertension
valvular disease
septal defects
infarction
what do heaves suggest? - Answer-increased cardiac workload
enlarged heart
dissecting aorta
what are you looking for when palpating the precordium? - Answer-the presence of any
pulsations/vibrations
are pulsations/vibrations of the precordium concerning? - Answer-yes, suggests
turbulent blood flow
what are thrills? - Answer-vibrations produced by turbulent blood flow within the heart
(murmus)
thrills suggest - Answer-an incompetent valve
what should you do if you find thrills of the precordium? - Answer-conduct a full cardiac
assessment
take vitals
notify the physician
how do you palpate for an apical pulse? - Answer-use finger pad, fifth intercostal space
at left midclavicular line
ask client to breath in & out
if you can't feel it, help them into a left lateral position
is it normal to not feel an apical pulse? - Answer-yes, in some clients
