BIO 1100 – Human Anatomy & Physiology I | Exam Q&A (35+) | Reflexes, CNS, ANS, Cranial Nerves – 2025/2026

This document provides over 35 solved multiple-choice exam questions for BIO 1100: Human Anatomy & Physiology I, specifically Unit 10, aligned with the 2025/2026 academic curriculum. It is an advanced-level review guide covering key concepts in the central and peripheral nervous systems, reflex arcs, autonomic divisions, cranial nerves, spinal pathways, and brain regions. Topics include reflex mechanisms (stretch reflex, withdrawal reflex, cross-extensor reflex), lesion and trauma implications, structural and functional features of the CNS (brain, spinal cord), and ANS divisions (sympathetic vs. parasympathetic). Additionally, questions explore neurotransmitters like norepinephrine and acetylcholine, spinal roots and ganglia, neuron types, and the localization of functions across brain regions (e.g., motor cortex, visual cortex, thalamus, medulla oblongata). The role of cranial nerves, especially in sensory and motor innervation, is clearly examined with clinical context. This resource is highly suitable for students in Pre-Med, Nursing, Biology, Health Sciences, and any course covering human neuroanatomy and physiology. It's perfect for practice testing, active recall, and reviewing neurophysiological integration in human systems. Keywords: reflex arc, stretch reflex, withdrawal reflex, dysdiadochokinesia, dorsal root, pseudounipolar neuron, spinal cord, cranial nerves, sympathetic division, parasympathetic division, norepinephrine, neurotransmitters, brain lobes, visual cortex, thalamus, medulla oblongata, postcentral gyrus, basal nuclei, Parkinson’s disease, cerebellum, motor cortex, ANS, sensory neuron, motor neuron, reflex centers, vagus nerve, glossopharyngeal nerve, adrenal medulla