Phonological awareness Correct Answer: The ability to recognize that words are
made up of a variety of sound units.
(Sentence segmentation, rhyming and syllable blending and segmenting, onset-
rime blending and segmenting, phoneme identification, deletion, and
manipulation.
Phonemic Awareness Correct Answer: the ability to hear, identify, and manipulate
individual phonemes (sounds) in spoken words.
An auditory skill (eyes opened/eyes closed).
Fundamental to mapping speech sounds to print.
Skills to build with phonological awareness: Correct Answer: -hears rhyme
-distinguishes words in a sentence
-identifies syllable blending and segmentation
-distinguishes onset-rime, rhyming, and alliteration (she said sorry sir).
Skills to build with phonemic awareness: Correct Answer: -manipulates phonemes
in isolation
-identifies and categorizes phonemes
-blends (/c/ /a/ /t/ to cat) and segments phonemes (cat to /c/ /a/ /t/).
-controls deletion, addition, and substitution of phonemes.
Rhyming Correct Answer: is one of the early phases of phonemic awareness and
provides students with an opportunity to begin developing an awareness of
sounds.
,Activities: hearing and recognizing rhymes, repeated ending sounds and
generating new words with similar sounds, applying rhyme in context for meaning
(in sentences).
Isolating and identifying phonemes(sounds) Correct Answer: is a strategy that
allows students to recognize individual sounds in a word. Students focus on
separate distinctions of initial, medial, and final sounds in words to recognize
similarities and differences.
Activities: identifying and separating individual sounds by positioning the lips,
teeth, and tongue to make the appropriate sound.
Distinguish the difference and similarities between beginning, medial, and ending
sounds.
Blending phonemes Correct Answer: is a strategy that includes listening to a
sequence of separately spoken sounds and the coming the sounds to make a
whole word.
/c//a//t/ makes cat
Activities: listening to a sequence of sounds and the combining onset and rimes to
form a word.
Identifying and blending the syllables of a word.
Identify and blending the isolated phonemes of a word.
Segmenting phonemes Correct Answer: is a strategy that incorporates hearing a
word and then breaking it into separate parts. This strategy enhances reading and
spelling.
Activities: identifying and separating a sentence into individual words, identifying
and separating individual words into syllables, identifying and separating words to
onset and rime, identifying and separating units of sound in a word.
,Manipulating phonemes Correct Answer: is a strategy that involves adding,
deleting, and substituting phonemes in words. Students should have lots of
opportunities to manipulate sounds orally as well as in written work.
Activities: adding a phoneme to an existing word to create a new word.
Deleting a phoneme to create a new word.
Substituting a phoneme to create a new word.
Phonics Correct Answer: the connections between letter symbols and sounds.
Instructional focus: (improves word recognition, spelling, and reading
comprehension)
*alphabetic principle
*mapping phonemes to their corresponding letter (graphemes).
Skills to build phonics: Correct Answer: -letter-sound associations
-sound blending
-segmenting
-manipulating letter-sound correspondence in words
-identifying words quickly and automatically
Phonetic Analyzing Correct Answer: requires students to take an identified word
and examine its parts. This strategy encourages students to explore the letter-
sound relationship while analyzing the word structure. Students read the whole
word and take it apart.
Activities: examine and describe phonetic rules(s) and how it aligns with the word
(or not).
-focuses on the whole words and identifies parts of the word.
-explains parts and patterns within word.
, Phonetic Contextualizing Correct Answer: is when students use letter-sound
correspondence and integrate this association with context clues to form a word.
This is a strategy to help students learn to apply several cueing systems.
Activities: predicting words using surrounding text for meaning, applying the
structural cues of the unknown words based on the meaning of the surrounding
words, and use letter-sound clues to figure out unknown words.
Phonetic Patterning Correct Answer: is when the reader recognizes parts of the
unknown word and compares it with a similar pattern from a known word.
Readers can decode and encode words by diving words between the onset and
rime and then blending the two parts together.
Activities: identifying parts within words, sorting words according to common
patterns, developing new words with similar patterns.
Phonetic Recognizing Correct Answer: is when students are able to identify words
quickly and automatically. The speed and accuracy with which a student is able to
use the strategy determines the student's level of fluency and comprehension.
Activities: recognizing words instantly, identifying high-frequency words,
examining words using multiple senses.
Phonetic Spelling Correct Answer: is a strategy that helps readers transform
sounds into letters and letters into written words.
Activities: connecting words by spelling patterns, manipulating letters to discover
letter-sound relationship, creating associations to remember how to spell words
(mnemonic devices, visualization, and making connections).
Phonetic Synthesizing Correct Answer: is converting letters into sounds and then
combining those sounds to create a word.
made up of a variety of sound units.
(Sentence segmentation, rhyming and syllable blending and segmenting, onset-
rime blending and segmenting, phoneme identification, deletion, and
manipulation.
Phonemic Awareness Correct Answer: the ability to hear, identify, and manipulate
individual phonemes (sounds) in spoken words.
An auditory skill (eyes opened/eyes closed).
Fundamental to mapping speech sounds to print.
Skills to build with phonological awareness: Correct Answer: -hears rhyme
-distinguishes words in a sentence
-identifies syllable blending and segmentation
-distinguishes onset-rime, rhyming, and alliteration (she said sorry sir).
Skills to build with phonemic awareness: Correct Answer: -manipulates phonemes
in isolation
-identifies and categorizes phonemes
-blends (/c/ /a/ /t/ to cat) and segments phonemes (cat to /c/ /a/ /t/).
-controls deletion, addition, and substitution of phonemes.
Rhyming Correct Answer: is one of the early phases of phonemic awareness and
provides students with an opportunity to begin developing an awareness of
sounds.
,Activities: hearing and recognizing rhymes, repeated ending sounds and
generating new words with similar sounds, applying rhyme in context for meaning
(in sentences).
Isolating and identifying phonemes(sounds) Correct Answer: is a strategy that
allows students to recognize individual sounds in a word. Students focus on
separate distinctions of initial, medial, and final sounds in words to recognize
similarities and differences.
Activities: identifying and separating individual sounds by positioning the lips,
teeth, and tongue to make the appropriate sound.
Distinguish the difference and similarities between beginning, medial, and ending
sounds.
Blending phonemes Correct Answer: is a strategy that includes listening to a
sequence of separately spoken sounds and the coming the sounds to make a
whole word.
/c//a//t/ makes cat
Activities: listening to a sequence of sounds and the combining onset and rimes to
form a word.
Identifying and blending the syllables of a word.
Identify and blending the isolated phonemes of a word.
Segmenting phonemes Correct Answer: is a strategy that incorporates hearing a
word and then breaking it into separate parts. This strategy enhances reading and
spelling.
Activities: identifying and separating a sentence into individual words, identifying
and separating individual words into syllables, identifying and separating words to
onset and rime, identifying and separating units of sound in a word.
,Manipulating phonemes Correct Answer: is a strategy that involves adding,
deleting, and substituting phonemes in words. Students should have lots of
opportunities to manipulate sounds orally as well as in written work.
Activities: adding a phoneme to an existing word to create a new word.
Deleting a phoneme to create a new word.
Substituting a phoneme to create a new word.
Phonics Correct Answer: the connections between letter symbols and sounds.
Instructional focus: (improves word recognition, spelling, and reading
comprehension)
*alphabetic principle
*mapping phonemes to their corresponding letter (graphemes).
Skills to build phonics: Correct Answer: -letter-sound associations
-sound blending
-segmenting
-manipulating letter-sound correspondence in words
-identifying words quickly and automatically
Phonetic Analyzing Correct Answer: requires students to take an identified word
and examine its parts. This strategy encourages students to explore the letter-
sound relationship while analyzing the word structure. Students read the whole
word and take it apart.
Activities: examine and describe phonetic rules(s) and how it aligns with the word
(or not).
-focuses on the whole words and identifies parts of the word.
-explains parts and patterns within word.
, Phonetic Contextualizing Correct Answer: is when students use letter-sound
correspondence and integrate this association with context clues to form a word.
This is a strategy to help students learn to apply several cueing systems.
Activities: predicting words using surrounding text for meaning, applying the
structural cues of the unknown words based on the meaning of the surrounding
words, and use letter-sound clues to figure out unknown words.
Phonetic Patterning Correct Answer: is when the reader recognizes parts of the
unknown word and compares it with a similar pattern from a known word.
Readers can decode and encode words by diving words between the onset and
rime and then blending the two parts together.
Activities: identifying parts within words, sorting words according to common
patterns, developing new words with similar patterns.
Phonetic Recognizing Correct Answer: is when students are able to identify words
quickly and automatically. The speed and accuracy with which a student is able to
use the strategy determines the student's level of fluency and comprehension.
Activities: recognizing words instantly, identifying high-frequency words,
examining words using multiple senses.
Phonetic Spelling Correct Answer: is a strategy that helps readers transform
sounds into letters and letters into written words.
Activities: connecting words by spelling patterns, manipulating letters to discover
letter-sound relationship, creating associations to remember how to spell words
(mnemonic devices, visualization, and making connections).
Phonetic Synthesizing Correct Answer: is converting letters into sounds and then
combining those sounds to create a word.
