HESI PHARMACOLOGY CARDIOVASCULAR EXIT EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2025
Nitroglycerine (NTG) - (ANSWER)ANTIANGINAL
Indications: Acute relief on angina attack or prophylaxis
MOA: decrease preload and after load, vasodilate coronary arteries, systemic vasodilation
SE: headache, flushing, dizziness, postural hypotension, tachycardia, syncope, collapse
Contraindications: severe anemia, increase ICP, closed-angled glaucoma, cardiomyopathy
Nursing considerations:
-relief usually occurs within 5 min.
-dose can be repeated up to 3x in 15 min
-call emergency if pain is not relieved after 3 tablets
-sublingual
-keep in dark container
-do not take with Viagra (enhances the vasodilating effect of nitric oxide in the corpus cavernosum of
the penis, thus sustaining an erection. )
-check blood pressure
Warfarin (Coumadin) - (ANSWER)ANTICOAGULANT
Indications: DVT, PE, atrial fibrillation
MOA: Interferes with hepatic synthesis of vitamin K-dependent clotting factors (II, VII, IX, and X).
SE: BLEEDING
, HESI PHARMACOLOGY CARDIOVASCULAR EXIT EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2025
Contraindications: Severe hypertension, liver/kidney impairment, active internal bleeding, intracranial
hemorrhage, recent trauma
Nursing considerations:
- PO
-Antidote: VITAMIN K
-Check PT and INR
-Takes several days to reach maximum effects
-avoid aspirin and alcohol
-avoid vit. K rich foods (green leafy vegetables, fish, liver, coffee, and tea.)
Heparin - (ANSWER)ANTICOAGULANT
Indications: Atril fibrillation, PE, DVT
MOA: Prevents clot formation by binding antithrombin III and inhibition thrombin
SE: BLEEDING
Contraindicated:
Severe hypertension, liver/kidney impairment, active internal bleeding, intracranial hemorrhage, recent
trauma
Nursing considerations:
- IV OR SUB Q
-Nevar massage injection site
-antidote: PROTAMINE SULFATE
Nitroglycerine (NTG) - (ANSWER)ANTIANGINAL
Indications: Acute relief on angina attack or prophylaxis
MOA: decrease preload and after load, vasodilate coronary arteries, systemic vasodilation
SE: headache, flushing, dizziness, postural hypotension, tachycardia, syncope, collapse
Contraindications: severe anemia, increase ICP, closed-angled glaucoma, cardiomyopathy
Nursing considerations:
-relief usually occurs within 5 min.
-dose can be repeated up to 3x in 15 min
-call emergency if pain is not relieved after 3 tablets
-sublingual
-keep in dark container
-do not take with Viagra (enhances the vasodilating effect of nitric oxide in the corpus cavernosum of
the penis, thus sustaining an erection. )
-check blood pressure
Warfarin (Coumadin) - (ANSWER)ANTICOAGULANT
Indications: DVT, PE, atrial fibrillation
MOA: Interferes with hepatic synthesis of vitamin K-dependent clotting factors (II, VII, IX, and X).
SE: BLEEDING
, HESI PHARMACOLOGY CARDIOVASCULAR EXIT EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2025
Contraindications: Severe hypertension, liver/kidney impairment, active internal bleeding, intracranial
hemorrhage, recent trauma
Nursing considerations:
- PO
-Antidote: VITAMIN K
-Check PT and INR
-Takes several days to reach maximum effects
-avoid aspirin and alcohol
-avoid vit. K rich foods (green leafy vegetables, fish, liver, coffee, and tea.)
Heparin - (ANSWER)ANTICOAGULANT
Indications: Atril fibrillation, PE, DVT
MOA: Prevents clot formation by binding antithrombin III and inhibition thrombin
SE: BLEEDING
Contraindicated:
Severe hypertension, liver/kidney impairment, active internal bleeding, intracranial hemorrhage, recent
trauma
Nursing considerations:
- IV OR SUB Q
-Nevar massage injection site
-antidote: PROTAMINE SULFATE
